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近日，繼《財政(zheng)部(bu)發布關(guan)于光伏補貼拖欠問題(ti)的答(da)復》后，國(guo)家發改委(wei)也對政(zheng)協委(wei)員、人大代表提(ti)出的有關(guan)光伏補貼拖欠問題(ti)進行(xing)了答(da)復，其中(zhong)主要涉及以下兩份提(ti)案：

1、制(zhi)發日期2019-08-22：《關于政協十三屆全國(guo)委員會(hui)第二次會(hui)議第3836號(hao)(工交郵電(dian)類421號(hao))提案(an)答復的函》答復《關于加快(kuai)解決光伏補貼(tie)拖欠(qian)問題的提案(an)》;

2、制發日(ri)期2019-09-13 ：《對十三(san)屆(jie)全國人大(da)二次會議(yi)第8439號建議(yi)的(de)答復》答復《進一(yi)步優化能源補(bu)貼結構，落(luo)實平衡能源發展缺(que)口的(de)提案(an)》。

以下為文件原文：

關于政協十三屆全國委員會第二次會議

第3836號（工交郵電(dian)類421號）提(ti)案答復的函

??您提(ti)(ti)出的(de)(de)《關于(yu)加快解決光伏補貼(tie)拖欠問題的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)案(an)》收悉。經(jing)商財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、能源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)，現(xian)答復如下。??黨(dang)中央和國務院高度(du)重視可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)。按照《中華人(ren)民共和國可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)法》的(de)(de)規定，國家發展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委、財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、國家能源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)于(yu)2006年建立了對可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)(yuan)發電的(de)(de)補貼(tie)政(zheng)策。經(jing)過“十一五(wu)”以來的(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)政(zheng)策支(zhi)持(chi)，我國光伏發電產(chan)業從無到有并發展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)，取得(de)了巨大(da)成就。?

一、現行光伏電價政策??

2019年4月，我委出臺印發(fa)(fa)《國家發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革委關于(yu)完(wan)善光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)有關問題(ti)的(de)通知》（發(fa)(fa)改(gai)價(jia)格(ge)〔2019〕761號），文(wen)件明確(que)(que)：一是(shi)完(wan)善集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)形成機(ji)制(zhi)。將集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站標桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)改(gai)為(wei)指(zhi)導價(jia)。將納(na)(na)入(ru)國家財政補貼范圍的(de)Ⅰ~Ⅲ類資源區新增(zeng)集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站指(zhi)導價(jia)分(fen)別確(que)(que)定為(wei)每千瓦時0.4元(yuan)(yuan)（含(han)稅，下同）、0.45元(yuan)(yuan)、0.55元(yuan)(yuan)。二(er)是(shi)適當降(jiang)低新增(zeng)分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)補貼標準。納(na)(na)入(ru)2019年財政補貼規模(mo)，采(cai)用(yong)“自(zi)發(fa)(fa)自(zi)用(yong)、余量上網(wang)(wang)”模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)工商業分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（即除戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)以外的(de)分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目，全(quan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量補貼標準調整為(wei)每千瓦時0.10元(yuan)(yuan)；納(na)(na)入(ru)2019年財政補貼規模(mo)，采(cai)用(yong)“自(zi)發(fa)(fa)自(zi)用(yong)、余量上網(wang)(wang)”模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和“全(quan)額上網(wang)(wang)”模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)補貼標準調整為(wei)每千瓦時0.18元(yuan)(yuan)。

下一步，我們將(jiang)繼續推動風電、光伏(fu)等(deng)可再生能源發電主(zhu)要通(tong)過市場形成上網電價或通(tong)過競爭性(xing)等(deng)招標方式(shi)形成補貼標準(zhun)，平穩實(shi)現全面平價上網。??

二、關于出臺可再生能源配額制，建立“綠證”市場，啟動“綠證”強制性約束交易??

2019年5月，國家發(fa)(fa)展改革(ge)委、國家能源(yuan)局聯(lian)合(he)印發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)立健全可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)保障機制的(de)(de)通知》（發(fa)(fa)改能源(yuan)〔2019〕807），明確提(ti)出建(jian)(jian)立可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)保障機制。承擔(dan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)市場主(zhu)體(ti)實際消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電量(liang)難(nan)以完成(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)量(liang)責(ze)任(ren)權重對應的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)量(liang)情況下，可(ke)選(xuan)擇通過消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)量(liang)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)和(he)自愿認(ren)購綠(lv)證(zheng)兩種方(fang)式完成(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)權重。政策(ce)的(de)(de)出臺有利于(yu)(yu)促進(jin)各(ge)省(sheng)級(ji)行(xing)政區域優先消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)，同(tong)時促使各(ge)類(lei)承擔(dan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)市場主(zhu)體(ti)公平承擔(dan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)責(ze)任(ren)，推動建(jian)(jian)立可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)引領的(de)(de)長效發(fa)(fa)展機制，促進(jin)清潔(jie)、低(di)碳(tan)、安全、高效的(de)(de)能源(yuan)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設。??關于(yu)(yu)簡(jian)化可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)電價附加的(de)(de)征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)和(he)補貼申報、審(shen)批、撥(bo)付方(fang)式、發(fa)(fa)行(xing)國債、提(ti)高可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)補貼征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)標(biao)準等建(jian)(jian)議我(wo)們(men)積極支(zhi)持(chi)。??我(wo)們(men)同(tong)意(yi)您關于(yu)(yu)推進(jin)“綠(lv)證(zheng)”交(jiao)易制度的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議。此前，我(wo)們(men)配合(he)相關部(bu)門，已(yi)經開展了(le)“綠(lv)證(zheng)”自愿交(jiao)易工作。

下一步，我們將(jiang)繼續加(jia)大推(tui)進(jin)可再生(sheng)能源電力(li)配額及“綠證(zheng)”強(qiang)制(zhi)交(jiao)易工作(zuo)開展力(li)度。?

三、關于免除可再生能源電價附加在征收、發放過程中的各種稅費?

營改(gai)增(zeng)(zeng)以(yi)來(lai)，我國(guo)不(bu)(bu)斷擴大納(na)稅(shui)(shui)人可抵(di)扣進項稅(shui)(shui)范(fan)圍，逐步將納(na)稅(shui)(shui)人購進的貨物、服務(wu)、固(gu)定資產(chan)、不(bu)(bu)動產(chan)納(na)入抵(di)扣范(fan)圍，電(dian)(dian)力企(qi)業等原增(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)人一(yi)(yi)直享受凈減稅(shui)(shui)的改(gai)革紅利。2018年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)1日起，我國(guo)將電(dian)(dian)力產(chan)品原適用的17%稅(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)下(xia)(xia)調至16%，今年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)1日進一(yi)(yi)步下(xia)(xia)調至13%，在近一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)的時間里，電(dian)(dian)力產(chan)品增(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)稅(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)由17%下(xia)(xia)調至13%，降幅高達23.5%。下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)步，我們(men)將認(ren)真(zhen)研究您提出(chu)的建議(yi)，并在今后(hou)工作(zuo)中統籌考(kao)慮。??

四、關于提高可再生能源電價附加標準??

近年來(lai)，針(zhen)對可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)基金缺口較大問題，可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電價附(fu)加(jia)征收(shou)標準(zhun)已多次(ci)調整，從最初的(de)0.2分/千(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)上調至現行(xing)的(de)1.9分/千(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，提高了(le)近10倍。近年來(lai)，國家實施(shi)了(le)一系列減稅降費政策，持續減輕企(qi)業(ye)負(fu)擔。當(dang)前形勢下，暫無法提高電價附(fu)加(jia)征收(shou)標準(zhun)。下一步(bu)，我們將積極(ji)配合相關(guan)部門結合行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang)、企(qi)業(ye)承受能(neng)(neng)力等(deng)因素適時(shi)(shi)研究有關(guan)政策。??

感謝您對發展改(gai)革工作的關心和支持。?

國家發展改革委

2019年8月22日

對十三屆全國人大二次會議第8439號建議的答復

??您(nin)提(ti)出的(de)(de)關于進一步優化能(neng)源補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)結構(gou)，落實平(ping)衡能(neng)源發展(zhan)缺口的(de)(de)建議(yi)，全國人大交由(you)財政部和(he)我(wo)委分別(bie)辦理，現就(jiu)涉及(ji)我(wo)委職能(neng)的(de)(de)事項答復如下。??近年來(lai)，我(wo)國風電(dian)、光伏等(deng)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源發展(zhan)取得舉世矚(zhu)目的(de)(de)成績，發電(dian)裝機(ji)和(he)發電(dian)量高速增長，發電(dian)技術處(chu)于世界領(ling)先地位，發電(dian)成本不斷下降，一些(xie)地區不少新(xin)建項目已經可(ke)以實現平(ping)價(jia)上(shang)網。可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源快速發展(zhan)帶來(lai)了補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)資金缺口擴大的(de)(de)問題。為彌(mi)補(bu)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)資金缺口，可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)價(jia)附加征收標(biao)準連續不斷提(ti)高，已由(you)最初的(de)(de)每(mei)千(qian)瓦(wa)時0.1分提(ti)高至1.9分。??

為了(le)解決補貼資(zi)金(jin)缺(que)口不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾，除了(le)前述(shu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)可再生能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)附加外，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)采(cai)取了(le)綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)證書、可再生能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消納保(bao)障機制(zhi)等措施，但(dan)(dan)利用燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)標桿(gan)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫硫(liu)(liu)、脫硝(xiao)、除塵等環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)間難(nan)以(yi)(yi)操作。主要(yao)原(yuan)因是(shi)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量實行(xing)政府(fu)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)時，脫硫(liu)(liu)、脫硝(xiao)、除塵等環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)用于彌(mi)補燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)投資(zi)建設和運行(xing)維護(hu)環保(bao)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，是(shi)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)標桿(gan)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)。考慮(lv)脫硫(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)執行(xing)時間，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)原(yuan)本(ben)計劃(hua)適當降低環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)2016年第四季度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格大幅上(shang)漲且持續高(gao)位(wei)運行(xing)，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業普遍(bian)經營困(kun)難(nan)，按照目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格測算需要(yao)較(jiao)大幅度(du)(du)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)標桿(gan)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。考慮(lv)經濟下行(xing)壓力(li)(li)，燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)標桿(gan)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)沒有相應提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，擬降低的(de)(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)遠不(bu)(bu)能彌(mi)補上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)需提(ti)(ti)高(gao)幅度(du)(du)。同時，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場化(hua)改革(ge)推進，大部(bu)分(fen)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)機組(zu)(zu)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量都通(tong)過與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶直(zhi)接交(jiao)易(yi)形成(cheng)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格，原(yuan)來單獨核算的(de)(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也遵循外部(bu)成(cheng)本(ben)內部(bu)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，由發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶協商(shang)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)時一并考慮(lv)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)再通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公司向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶籌集資(zi)金(jin)彌(mi)補燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)環保(bao)成(cheng)本(ben)，這部(bu)分(fen)資(zi)金(jin)空(kong)間自然也就無法(fa)利用了(le)。??

下一步，我(wo)們將(jiang)配合(he)財政部積極(ji)采(cai)取開源(yuan)節(jie)流的(de)措施，籌集可再生能源(yuan)補貼資金，盡(jin)快緩解補貼資金缺口不斷擴大的(de)矛盾。??

感謝(xie)您(nin)對發(fa)展改革(ge)工作的(de)關心和(he)支持。??歡(huan)迎登陸(lu)我(wo)委門戶網站（www.ndrc.gov.cn），了解國(guo)家經濟和(he)社會發(fa)展政策、經濟建(jian)設和(he)社會發(fa)展情況、經濟體制改革(ge)方面的(de)重要信息。

國家發展改革委

2019年(nian)9月(yue)13日