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2019年(nian)7月6日至7日，“中(zhong)國電(dian)力(li)(li)圓桌(zhuo)”2019年(nian)二(er)季度會(hui)(hui)議在北京成(cheng)功舉辦。“中(zhong)國電(dian)力(li)(li)圓桌(zhuo)”成(cheng)員、國家能(neng)源(yuan)局原總工(gong)程(cheng)師韓水(shui)圍繞(rao)“增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)網(wang)與大電(dian)網(wang)融(rong)合發展”會(hui)(hui)議主題，提出三方面的看法：

第一，融合發展(zhan)是大電網與增(zeng)量(liang)配電網共同(tong)的愿(yuan)望。

第二，地位平等是大電網(wang)與增量(liang)配電網(wang)融合發(fa)展(zhan)的基礎。

第三(san)，公(gong)平監管是大電網(wang)與增(zeng)量(liang)配電網(wang)融合發展的保障(zhang)。

一、融合發展是大電網與增量配電網共同的愿望

大(da)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)不相矛盾，可以(yi)謀求共同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)。韓水(shui)認(ren)為，在原來管理模(mo)式(shi)下，大(da)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之外的(de)存(cun)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)缺少(shao)發(fa)展(zhan)動力(li)和(he)資金，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)薄(bo)弱，可靠性差，現在將存(cun)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)作(zuo)為增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)來改(gai)革(ge)，引入(ru)社會資本，解決了大(da)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)存(cun)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)共同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)問題。雙方發(fa)展(zhan)重點不同(tong)，融(rong)合發(fa)展(zhan)可以(yi)形成共贏局(ju)面。此(ci)外，增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)改(gai)革(ge)試點中，新規劃的(de)園區(qu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)沒有(you)配(pei)備(bei)供電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)，進行增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)改(gai)革(ge)具(ju)備(bei)條件，也能(neng)夠(gou)得到電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司的(de)支持。

增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)不會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)碎片化(hua)。韓(han)水指(zhi)出，關于這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)問(wen)題，在改(gai)(gai)革(ge)設計之初就(jiu)做好了四方面的(de)考慮：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是省級人民政府對(dui)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)要作(zuo)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發展規(gui)(gui)劃，電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業和增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)企(qi)業需按規(gui)(gui)劃建設配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)；二是電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)實行(xing)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調度(du)，電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業要分級執(zhi)行(xing)調度(du)指(zhi)令；三是堅持電(dian)網(wang)互聯，團結治網(wang)，互利共贏，在統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)網(wang)下不形(xing)成(cheng)孤網(wang)；四是嚴(yan)格事前監管。其中，在增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)設置唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)行(xing)政許可(ke)(ke)審批制度(du)（電(dian)力(li)業務許可(ke)(ke)），是防止電(dian)網(wang)碎片化(hua)的(de)重要手段。增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)僅(jin)在配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)投資主體、管理模式上發生變化(hua)，電(dian)網(wang)依然(ran)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。

增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)是大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網與增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網共同的(de)發(fa)展目標。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)把(ba)投資(zi)的(de)重點放到(dao)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設，增(zeng)加(jia)對配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)；增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)把(ba)投資(zi)的(de)重點放在配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設，滿足供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求，增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)能力(li)。增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)范圍內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源較少，為滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)必須(xu)由區外購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到(dao)區內。增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網增(zeng)加(jia)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)越(yue)大，外購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和輸(shu)(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就越(yue)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)投資(zi)回報(bao)就越(yue)好(hao)。從現階(jie)段輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價比重看(kan)，輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)投資(zi)回報(bao)會好(hao)于配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

二、地位平等是大電網與增量配電網融合發展的基礎

韓水認(ren)為，地位平等主要(yao)體現在以下四個方面：

一是(shi)投資建設方(fang)面(mian)地位平(ping)等。在規(gui)劃范(fan)圍內，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司要公(gong)平(ping)開放大電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，為增量(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)建設提(ti)供便利，不能(neng)設置任何關卡。政府主管部(bu)門要盡快出臺相關政策，規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)公(gong)平(ping)開放電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)接入(ru)，并實(shi)施有(you)效(xiao)監管。

二是交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)結(jie)算(suan)方面地(di)位(wei)平等(deng)。增量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)是擁有配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網經營權的(de)(de)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公司，是獨立的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體。在規(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)中，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體之間的(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)是平等(deng)的(de)(de)。增量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)可以自主(zhu)與其他市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體按市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)規(gui)則(ze)進行交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)并結(jie)算(suan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司要尊重各市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)合同，組織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)，并收(shou)取相應的(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設時(shi)，地(di)方政府要確立增量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體地(di)位(wei)，規(gui)范(fan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)則(ze)，并實(shi)施(shi)有效監管。

三是調(diao)(diao)度(du)主體地位平等(deng)。依據(ju)現行的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)度(du)規(gui)則(ze)，各級(ji)調(diao)(diao)度(du)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)按照(zhao)明確的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)度(du)權限行使調(diao)(diao)度(du)職能，不允(yun)許越級(ji)調(diao)(diao)度(du)，或不執行上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)度(du)指(zhi)令(ling)。增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)配電(dian)網有獨立(li)的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)度(du)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，一(yi)方面(mian)要負責增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)配電(dian)網的(de)(de)安(an)全運行，另一(yi)方面(mian)要服從聯網的(de)(de)上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)度(du)指(zhi)令(ling)，共同維護大電(dian)網安(an)全運行。與增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)配電(dian)網聯網的(de)(de)上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)度(du)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)要尊重增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)配電(dian)網的(de)(de)獨立(li)調(diao)(diao)度(du)職權，按照(zhao)調(diao)(diao)度(du)規(gui)則(ze)下達調(diao)(diao)度(du)指(zhi)令(ling)。

四是大(da)電(dian)(dian)網與增量配電(dian)(dian)網的(de)信息對(dui)稱。雙方要把(ba)包括安(an)全運行、檢(jian)修、故障、負(fu)荷預測、電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)量交易等信息互通，防(fang)止因信息不(bu)對(dui)稱影響電(dian)(dian)網安(an)全運行和電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應。

三、公平監管是大電網與增量配電網融合發展的保障

韓水指出(chu)，政(zheng)府公平地(di)行使機構職責是各(ge)利益主體獲得合法權益的(de)保障，也(ye)是增量(liang)配電(dian)改革能夠順利推進(jin)的(de)保障。通過前期(qi)試(shi)點(dian)來看，政(zheng)府在監管(guan)上有所缺失(shi)是改革試(shi)點(dian)推進(jin)緩慢的(de)原因之一。對(dui)此，他提出(chu)四點(dian)建(jian)議：

一(yi)是加強供(gong)電營業(ye)區劃分的(de)(de)監管(guan)。增量配(pei)(pei)電改革相關文件中明確指(zhi)出，在一(yi)個供(gong)電營業(ye)區內只能(neng)有一(yi)個擁有配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)經營權(quan)的(de)(de)企業(ye)。通過加強對供(gong)電營業(ye)區劃定的(de)(de)監管(guan)，確定供(gong)電營業(ye)區唯一(yi)合(he)法供(gong)電商的(de)(de)地位是防止(zhi)配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)重(zhong)復建設和電網(wang)碎片化的(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)要手段，只有把這個監管(guan)責任落實(shi)到位，才能(neng)保證改革的(de)(de)順利推進(jin)，保障各方的(de)(de)權(quan)益不(bu)受損失。

二是(shi)加強規劃(hua)實施(shi)和(he)(he)電(dian)網公平接入監(jian)管(guan)。在地方政府(fu)做好配(pei)電(dian)網規劃(hua)之后，電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)和(he)(he)增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)一定要(yao)按照(zhao)規劃(hua)，保(bao)時、保(bao)質、保(bao)量進(jin)行建設，不(bu)能以(yi)各種理由對已規劃(hua)的(de)線路和(he)(he)變電(dian)設施(shi)拖延或(huo)者是(shi)阻(zu)止建設。監(jian)管(guan)部門(men)(men)要(yao)定期(qi)、不(bu)定期(qi)了解(jie)(jie)工(gong)程進(jin)展情(qing)況。發生糾(jiu)紛電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)和(he)(he)增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)可以(yi)向(xiang)監(jian)管(guan)部門(men)(men)投訴，監(jian)管(guan)部門(men)(men)要(yao)協(xie)調解(jie)(jie)決(jue)問題，促(cu)進(jin)雙方融合發展。

三是加(jia)強信息(xi)(xi)公開的(de)監(jian)管。信息(xi)(xi)不(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱會影響電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)和增量配電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)安全(quan)運行(xing)、可靠(kao)供電(dian)(dian)和公平交易。地方政府(fu)對(dui)(dui)信息(xi)(xi)公開要有(you)嚴格要求，明(ming)確需(xu)要公開的(de)信息(xi)(xi)和時(shi)間，監(jian)管部(bu)門要對(dui)(dui)信息(xi)(xi)公開實施監(jian)管。

四是(shi)加強(qiang)保(bao)底(di)供電(dian)服(fu)務(wu)和(he)普遍服(fu)務(wu)的監(jian)管(guan)。保(bao)底(di)供電(dian)服(fu)務(wu)和(he)普遍服(fu)務(wu)是(shi)所有配電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的應(ying)盡義務(wu)，尤其是(shi)增量配電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對此不甚(shen)熟悉，缺少專業(ye)(ye)人員和(he)技術指(zhi)導，監(jian)管(guan)部門在加強(qiang)監(jian)管(guan)的同時，要(yao)有針(zhen)對性的加強(qiang)培訓和(he)指(zhi)導。

韓水，教授級高級工(gong)程師。曾(ceng)在遼寧(ning)省電力(li)(li)有(you)限公司(si)、東北電網公司(si)、國(guo)家電力(li)(li)監管委員會(hui)、國(guo)家能源局任(ren)職。曾(ceng)任(ren)國(guo)家能源局總工(gong)程師，現任(ren)中(zhong)國(guo)能源研(yan)究會(hui)特(te)邀副理事(shi)長。