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內容概要：近年來，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)(ye)飛速(su)發(fa)(fa)展。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模由2018年的(de)238MW持續增加至(zhi)2022年的(de)588MW，年復(fu)合(he)增長率(lv)達19.83%。隨著(zhu)國(guo)(guo)家積極開展光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展研(yan)究工(gong)作，鼓勵新疆、內蒙古(gu)、甘肅、青(qing)海(hai)等(deng)地推(tui)(tui)進光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)加速(su)推(tui)(tui)進。2023年以來，青(qing)海(hai)、新疆、甘肅、西(xi)藏(zang)(zang)等(deng)地多個(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)開工(gong)建(jian)設。其中(zhong)，2023年8月31日，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)能建(jian)拉(la)薩當(dang)雄(xiong)(xiong)250MW光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+100MW光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)正式開工(gong)。該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)西(xi)藏(zang)(zang)拉(la)薩當(dang)雄(xiong)(xiong)“綠色陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)”的(de)標志(zhi)性示(shi)范項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，同時(shi)也是目(mu)(mu)(mu)前拉(la)薩最大(da)的(de)新能源項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)推(tui)(tui)進標志(zhi)著(zhu)拉(la)薩當(dang)雄(xiong)(xiong)新能源產業(ye)(ye)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)邁上(shang)新臺階。總(zong)體來看(kan)，隨著(zhu)以上(shang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)有序推(tui)(tui)進，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展進程加快(kuai)。

關鍵詞：能(neng)源電力、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)、光熱(re)發電、光熱(re)發電裝機容量

一、光熱發電優勢明顯，塔式技術是我國主流聚光形式

光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)叫聚(ju)焦性太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即通過(guo)大量(liang)反射鏡以(yi)聚(ju)焦方(fang)(fang)式將太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直射光(guang)(guang)聚(ju)焦起(qi)來，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)工質并產生高溫高壓蒸汽(qi)(qi)，以(yi)此驅動汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。它是(shi)(shi)將光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)后，通過(guo)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)力循環做功發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)而將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)技(ji)術。光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)同時可以(yi)將多余的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存(cun)在儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容器(qi)中，在晚(wan)間或陰雨天(tian)時釋放，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)證24小(xiao)時連續穩定發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而傳統(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板吸收(shou)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)中的(de)(de)可見光(guang)(guang)形成光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但這種發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式易受天(tian)氣影響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出波(bo)動性大，易對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網產生沖擊。與光(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相比，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在連續發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容量(liang)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本、穩定性、安全性、環保(bao)性及使用(yong)壽(shou)命等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)具有優勢(shi)。

光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)站一般由集熱(re)系統(tong)、儲熱(re)系統(tong)、蒸(zheng)汽產生系統(tong)及(ji)發(fa)電(dian)裝置組成。目前，主流的光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)有(you)槽式、菲涅爾(er)式、塔式、碟式光熱(re)系統(tong)。從(cong)各技術(shu)特性對比看，塔式光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)效(xiao)率高、規模(mo)大，發(fa)電(dian)技術(shu)優勢明顯。

根據聚光(guang)形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)不同，在全(quan)球主(zhu)要國(guo)家和(he)地區(qu)的(de)太陽能熱發(fa)電(dian)累計裝機容量中(zhong)(zhong)，槽式(shi)技(ji)術(shu)路線是全(quan)球主(zhu)流發(fa)展模式(shi)，占比約(yue)(yue)76%，塔式(shi)和(he)線菲式(shi)分別占比20%和(he)4%。而在我(wo)國(guo)各類光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)，塔式(shi)是我(wo)國(guo)行業主(zhu)流應用技(ji)術(shu)，其占比約(yue)(yue)63.1%，槽式(shi)占比約(yue)(yue)25.5%，線菲式(shi)占比約(yue)(yue)11.4%。總體來看，塔式(shi)和(he)槽式(shi)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)商用更為廣泛。

二、多項光熱項目有序推進，行業裝機規模持續擴大

光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)以很好地彌(mi)補太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)間接性，白天能(neng)(neng)夠充分地利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)資源，將太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)所燒熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)介質儲存在(zai)巨大的(de)(de)容器中，在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)落(luo)山后仍能(neng)(neng)帶動(dong)汽輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，達到調(diao)峰的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統供應安全(quan)。因其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)優勢明(ming)顯(xian)，目前成為(wei)全(quan)球備受(shou)關注(zhu)的(de)(de)一種太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，和光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)共同開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)資源。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，在(zai)全(quan)球大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源，推動(dong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)資源開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業呈現高速增(zeng)長(chang)態勢。數(shu)據顯(xian)示，2018-2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)球光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)(mo)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)長(chang)，截(jie)至(zhi)2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)底，全(quan)球光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量約(yue)7050MW。從國(guo)(guo)內市場看，自“十三五”規劃以來，我國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業飛速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。我國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)(mo)由2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)238MW持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)加至(zhi)2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)588MW，年(nian)(nian)(nian)復合增(zeng)長(chang)率達19.83%。與此同時，我國(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)(mo)占(zhan)全(quan)球光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量的(de)(de)比重也持(chi)續(xu)提升，占(zhan)比由2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3.90%增(zeng)加至(zhi)2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)8.34%，累(lei)計增(zeng)加4.44個百分點。

從行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)歷程(cheng)看，2006年(nian)(nian)，科技(ji)部國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)高技(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)計劃(hua)（863計劃(hua)）先進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源技(ji)術(shu)領域啟動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)“太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)及系統示范(fan)”重(zhong)點項(xiang)目(mu)，開(kai)啟了(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)全系統集成技(ji)術(shu)的研究(jiu)示范(fan)工(gong)作(zuo)，為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)奠定了(le)(le)基(ji)礎。2021年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)一個太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)——鄂(e)爾多斯50MW槽式太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)完成特許權(quan)(quan)示范(fan)招標(biao)。中(zhong)標(biao)電(dian)價過低，該項(xiang)目(mu)未能(neng)(neng)(neng)建設，但特許權(quan)(quan)項(xiang)目(mu)的啟動(dong)(dong)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)更廣(guang)泛的市場關(guan)注和(he)行業(ye)(ye)期待，帶動(dong)(dong)華能(neng)(neng)(neng)、華電(dian)、中(zhong)廣(guang)核等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)企及龍騰光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)、中(zhong)海陽等(deng)民營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)開(kai)始布局(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)(ye)。隨著(zhu)電(dian)力(li)需求持續增加(jia)，電(dian)力(li)安全供(gong)應(ying)形勢越發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)嚴峻，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在“十二(er)五”電(dian)力(li)規劃(hua)中(zhong)提出，到2015年(nian)(nian)實現光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機容量100萬千瓦。2012年(nian)(nian)7月，科技(ji)部“十二(er)五”主題項(xiang)目(mu)，“太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽式集熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)與示范(fan)”項(xiang)目(mu)啟動(dong)(dong)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)開(kai)始對兆瓦及槽式光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)行研究(jiu)示范(fan)。2016年(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局(ju)正式確(que)定首批20個光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)示范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)，并獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改委共同提出了(le)(le)“十三五”期間5GW的光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機目(mu)標(biao)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)入新臺階。

2023年(nian)(nian)4月，國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)發(fa)布《國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)綜合(he)司關(guan)于推(tui)動光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有關(guan)事項(xiang)》，通知(zhi)強(qiang)調要積極開展(zhan)(zhan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究工(gong)作。要求力爭“十四五(wu)”期間(jian)，全國(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)每年(nian)(nian)新增開工(gong)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)達到3GW左右；內蒙古、甘肅(su)、青海(hai)、新疆等光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)重點省份已上報共2.8GW項(xiang)目(mu)盡快落地。在國(guo)家大(da)力支持光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)行業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)背景下，青海(hai)等光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)的(de)地區也(ye)出臺了支撐光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)政策(ce)措施。其(qi)中，2023年(nian)(nian)7月，青海(hai)省能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)會同國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)西北監管(guan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)、青海(hai)省發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)改革委員(yuan)會等相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)制定印發(fa)了《關(guan)于推(tui)動“十四五(wu)”光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)通知(zhi)》。該政策(ce)從規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)布局(ju)(ju)(ju)、競(jing)爭配置(zhi)、要素保障(zhang)、電(dian)(dian)價支持、參與市場、項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)、調度(du)運營(ying)、生(sheng)態效率(lv)八個方面對(dui)青海(hai)省內光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)作出了制度(du)化(hua)(hua)安排。隨(sui)著各項(xiang)政策(ce)有序推(tui)進(jin)，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)行業將迎來發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)快車(che)道。

在(zai)國家(jia)相(xiang)關政策的(de)指導和支(zhi)持(chi)下，多地(di)政策開始布局大型風電(dian)光伏基地(di)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目。據統計(ji)，各(ge)地(di)列入名(ming)單的(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目數(shu)量(liang)共計(ji)29個，總裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)約330萬千瓦。這些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目按照規劃將在(zai)2023年(nian)到(dao)2024年(nian)相(xiang)繼投產。分地(di)區(qu)看，我國光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目主要集中在(zai)新疆、青海、甘(gan)肅、吉林等太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)資源較為豐富的(de)地(di)區(qu)。其中，新疆列入名(ming)單的(de)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目最多，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目數(shu)量(liang)達13個，總裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)135萬千瓦；青海位(wei)居第二，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目數(shu)量(liang)為9個，總裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)130萬千瓦。

隨著國(guo)家積極開展(zhan)光(guang)熱規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)研究工(gong)(gong)作，鼓勵新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆、內蒙古、甘肅、青海等地(di)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)規(gui)劃建設，我(wo)國(guo)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)加速推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)。2023年以來(lai)，青海、新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆、甘肅、西(xi)藏等地(di)多個光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開工(gong)(gong)建設。其中，2023年8月31日(ri)，中國(guo)能(neng)建拉(la)薩(sa)當雄250MW光(guang)伏+100MW光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)正式(shi)開工(gong)(gong)。該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)西(xi)藏拉(la)薩(sa)當雄“綠色陽光(guang)”的標志性示(shi)范項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，同時也是目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前拉(la)薩(sa)最大的新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)標志著拉(la)薩(sa)當雄新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源產業項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)邁上新(xin)(xin)(xin)臺階。總(zong)體來(lai)看，隨著以上項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)序推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)，我(wo)國(guo)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)行業規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)程加快。

從(cong)(cong)產(chan)(chan)業鏈情況看(kan)(kan)，光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體系(xi)可分為研發(fa)(fa)、設計、制(zhi)造(zao)、安裝(zhuang)、運(yun)維等環節。由于光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)技術(shu)和(he)資(zi)金雙(shuang)密集型行(xing)業，產(chan)(chan)業鏈長，設計學科多(duo)(duo)，系(xi)統(tong)復雜，當(dang)前從(cong)(cong)事(shi)產(chan)(chan)業鏈研發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)服務的企業相(xiang)對較少。據不完全統(tong)計，目前我國從(cong)(cong)事(shi)光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)關產(chan)(chan)業鏈產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)服務的單位數(shu)(shu)量約為600家(jia)左(zuo)右，其(qi)中從(cong)(cong)事(shi)聚(ju)光領域的企業數(shu)(shu)量最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，約有170家(jia)。從(cong)(cong)光熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投資(zi)成本(ben)(ben)看(kan)(kan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建造(zao)成本(ben)(ben)主要(yao)分為太(tai)陽島成本(ben)(ben)、熱(re)(re)(re)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)島成本(ben)(ben)、儲熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)成本(ben)(ben)、場地準備(bei)發(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)配套及基礎設施(shi)費用等。以7小(xiao)時儲熱(re)(re)(re)50MW塔式光熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投資(zi)結構看(kan)(kan)，太(tai)陽島成本(ben)(ben)占比(bi)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，成本(ben)(ben)占比(bi)約61%。其(qi)中，太(tai)陽島主要(yao)包(bao)括聚(ju)光系(xi)統(tong)和(he)吸熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)，核心(xin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)定(ding)目鏡(jing)占太(tai)陽島成本(ben)(ben)的75%左(zuo)右，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)整體經濟性(xing)有待提高。

三、電力消費需求穩步增長，為光熱發電行業發展提供強勁動力

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)是經濟社會(hui)(hui)穩定運行的基(ji)礎保障。隨著我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟穩健(jian)發(fa)展，2022年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)達8.6萬億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長3.6%。2023年(nian)(nian)隨著國(guo)(guo)(guo)內宏觀環(huan)境恢復(fu)向好(hao)，工業(ye)制造業(ye)等(deng)生產(chan)積(ji)極性逐步提升，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求穩步增(zeng)長。2023年(nian)(nian)1-8月，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)累計(ji)60826億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長5.0%。分(fen)產(chan)業(ye)看(kan)，第一、二、三(san)產(chan)業(ye)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為859億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)、39511億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)和11079億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)速分(fen)別為11.7%、5.0%和9.3%；城鄉(xiang)居民(min)生活(huo)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)9377億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比(bi)下(xia)降0.1%。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供給情(qing)況看(kan)，近年(nian)(nian)來我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)安全(quan)供給情(qing)況下(xia)，大力(li)推進可再(zai)生能源行業(ye)發(fa)展，并推動(dong)新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)系建設。2023年(nian)(nian)1-8月，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總量(liang)(liang)為58662.6億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長3.6%。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需情(qing)況看(kan)，當(dang)前我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)消(xiao)費增(zeng)速整體(ti)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)生產(chan)增(zeng)速，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場供需仍(reng)然偏緊，為光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)發(fa)展提供強勁動(dong)力(li)。