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2014年6月，習近平總書記在中央財經領導小組第六次會議上，明確提出“四個革命、一個合作”能源安全新戰略，指引了我國能源發展的方向。構建清潔低碳、安全高效的能源體系成為我國能源轉型的新目標。能源技術變革和信息通信技術的快速融合發展，催生了用戶對智慧用能的新需求，擴大了能源服務的新內涵，推動了傳統能源服務向綜合能源服務的轉變，發展綜合能源已成為我國能源系統建設和能源變革的重要方式。

一、綜合能源服務的特征與主要內容

目(mu)前，國內外對綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)定義(yi)尚未統一，但對其基本特征(zheng)已達成共(gong)識(shi)：一是綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)領域涵(han)(han)蓋冷、熱、電(dian)、氣等(deng)多種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統；二是綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業務(wu)(wu)涵(han)(han)蓋能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理、技術(shu)、經濟(ji)、市場等(deng)方面，包(bao)括咨詢、委托(tuo)運維(wei)、合(he)(he)同能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理、項目(mu)總承包(bao)等(deng)多種(zhong)方式。因此，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)是一種(zhong)依托(tuo)先進互聯網通信技術(shu)和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)、為滿足終端客戶(hu)多元(yuan)化(hua)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產與消費需求的(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)方式。

綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務的內(nei)容主要包括能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)和(he)(he)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)改造服務、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)運維(wei)服務、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)診(zhen)斷和(he)(he)提升服務、需求管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)需求響應服務、投(tou)資運營服務、工程建設(she)服務和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)易服務等多種(zhong)形式。開展(zhan)(zhan)綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務符(fu)合(he)(he)我(wo)國對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全、環保、可(ke)持續以(yi)及高(gao)效(xiao)利用等方(fang)面的要求，有利于推動我(wo)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯網建設(she)、推進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命進程。因此(ci)，綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務迅(xun)速成(cheng)為我(wo)國新的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重點發展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向，傳統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)企業、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務商(shang)也相繼(ji)成(cheng)立綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務公司，積極拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務市(shi)場。

二、綜合能源系統的內涵

綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，是指一定(ding)區(qu)域內(nei)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)利用(yong)(yong)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)管(guan)理模式，以“兩(liang)高(gao)三低(di)”為(wei)目(mu)標（兩(liang)高(gao)：系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)可(ke)靠(kao)性的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)；三低(di)：用(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)降低(di)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)碳(tan)排放的(de)(de)降低(di)和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)其他污染物(wu)排放的(de)(de)降低(di)），整合區(qu)域內(nei)石油(you)、煤炭、天然氣和(he)電力(li)等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，實現(xian)多(duo)異(yi)質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之間的(de)(de)協(xie)調規劃、優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)運(yun)行(xing)、協(xie)同管(guan)理、交互(hu)(hu)響(xiang)應(ying)和(he)互(hu)(hu)補互(hu)(hu)濟，在滿足多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求的(de)(de)同時，有(you)效提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率，進(jin)(jin)而(er)促進(jin)(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。當前我(wo)國以單一系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)縱向(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)為(wei)主的(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展模式已不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命戰(zhan)略在保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)效率、推動(dong)環境保(bao)護和(he)促進(jin)(jin)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)要求。在宏觀政策(ce)和(he)企業(ye)業(ye)態不(bu)斷創新(xin)的(de)(de)推動(dong)下(xia)，綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)整合冷、熱、電、氣等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，推動(dong)打破傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)單一能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)壁(bi)壘、市場壁(bi)壘和(he)體(ti)制壁(bi)壘，實現(xian)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)補互(hu)(hu)濟和(he)協(xie)調優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)，有(you)效提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率、促進(jin)(jin)了能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展。

三、構建綜合能源系統推進綜合能源服務

綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)與(yu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務相互依存、共同發展。一是(shi)，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務的開展依靠綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)規劃(hua)優化(hua)、運行優化(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交易(yi)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)數據等技(ji)術支撐(cheng)，同時(shi)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)的技(ji)術革新也推動了(le)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務的轉變；二是(shi)，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)附著在(zai)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務上，為用戶提供能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交易(yi)、能(neng)效提升等服(fu)務。因(yin)此，在(zai)用戶側(ce)構(gou)建綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)，推進綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務，成為發展綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的重(zhong)要措施(shi)，也是(shi)全面推進能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命的重(zhong)大(da)戰略支撐(cheng)。

1.革新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術，助力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和建(jian)設(she)是開展能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)的(de)先決(jue)條件，合理的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)設(she)方案將很(hen)大程度上決(jue)定著(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)效(xiao)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)運行(xing)潛力(li)(li)。傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是按(an)照不同能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)為多(duo)個(ge)相對(dui)獨立的(de)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，各類(lei)(lei)(lei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)都(dou)通過自身的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)設(she)和投資來確(que)保本(ben)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)供需平衡。這種(zhong)(zhong)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率、實(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)補以及從(cong)整體(ti)上解決(jue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求問題時面(mian)臨一些(xie)障(zhang)礙。綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)優化(hua)是解決(jue)多(duo)類(lei)(lei)(lei)異質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協同耦合、終(zhong)端能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給結構優化(hua)難題的(de)重要(yao)技術。面(mian)向(xiang)社區、樓宇、工業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)及園區等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)象，開展以屋(wu)頂光伏(fu)、分(fen)散式(shi)風電、冷熱電三聯供、熱泵(beng)、工業(ye)(ye)(ye)余(yu)熱余(yu)壓利(li)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為核(he)心的(de)綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)優化(hua)、技術創新，解決(jue)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階段冷、熱、電、氣等(deng)(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)形態能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)協同開發和梯級利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)難題；針對(dui)政府、電網公司、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)托(tuo)管企業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理主體(ti)，開展靈(ling)活的(de)綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)色設(she)計，打(da)造低成本(ben)、低排放、低依賴、高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)的(de)多(duo)維度綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)提升，助力(li)(li)綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)改造服務(wu)。

2.研發多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)運(yun)行技術，助(zhu)力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)維(wei)(wei)服務(wu)。綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統是以(yi)電力(li)(li)為核心(xin)、涵(han)蓋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉化(hua)、傳輸、分配等(deng)多(duo)(duo)階段(duan)的多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網絡系(xi)統，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調度(du)問題已(yi)從傳統單一(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)行優(you)化(hua)逐步發展(zhan)到多(duo)(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相互(hu)耦合(he)、協(xie)同配合(he)，共同滿足用戶的多(duo)(duo)元負荷需求。綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統運(yun)行優(you)化(hua)是解決多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網絡耦合(he)、多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給策略優(you)化(hua)難題的重要技術。研發高效(xiao)多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)流(liu)協(xie)同運(yun)行技術，以(yi)優(you)化(hua)目標為導向，整合(he)熱、電、冷、天然氣、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，實現多(duo)(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)間(jian)(jian)的交(jiao)互(hu)響應(ying)和互(hu)補互(hu)濟(ji)，提(ti)(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用效(xiao)率(lv)；研發能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采集和控制終端，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)流(liu)與(yu)信(xin)(xin)息流(liu)的深度(du)交(jiao)互(hu)，增強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統監測(ce)和控制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。提(ti)(ti)升優(you)化(hua)技術和增強控制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)并(bing)舉，打通平臺(tai)層(ceng)與(yu)感(gan)知層(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的信(xin)(xin)息交(jiao)互(hu)，支撐綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)維(wei)(wei)服務(wu)。

3.開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)挖(wa)掘，助力能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)提升服務(wu)(wu)(wu)。加快數(shu)(shu)(shu)字信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)物(wu)(wu)理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)融合，推進能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)路由(you)器等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)網核心設備的(de)(de)研發(fa)與應用(yong)，廣泛部署數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)集終端，加強用(yong)戶用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)信(xin)息采(cai)集、監測，打(da)破(po)多元主體間、不同(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)系統間的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)壁(bi)壘；運(yun)用(yong)云計算(suan)、5G、大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，打(da)通(tong)上(shang)游(you)發(fa)電(dian)、輸配(pei)電(dian)、分(fen)布式等(deng)供給(gei)端與下游(you)工商業(ye)、居民、園區(qu)等(deng)用(yong)戶端的(de)(de)完整(zheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈；研發(fa)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)挖(wa)掘技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，充分(fen)挖(wa)掘數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)價值(zhi)，深(shen)化能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)增值(zhi)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)，支撐綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)、運(yun)行(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)；研發(fa)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)評估與診斷技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，積極開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)，針對(dui)性地為用(yong)戶定(ding)制差異化的(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)解(jie)決方案，實現不同(tong)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排和能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)提升。因(yin)此，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)以(yi)“云大物(wu)(wu)移智鏈”為技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支撐的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)挖(wa)掘，可打(da)造綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)生態，助力綜(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)提升服務(wu)(wu)(wu)。

4.推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)曲線重(zhong)塑，助(zhu)力(li)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)服務。發(fa)掘需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側資源(yuan)(yuan)效用(yong)(yong)。以(yi)精準規劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，挖(wa)掘多能(neng)(neng)互補協同(tong)與(yu)(yu)綜合需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的潛力(li)；以(yi)高效運營為(wei)(wei)(wei)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，分析與(yu)(yu)發(fa)掘多源(yuan)(yuan)異構(gou)數據特(te)征，揭示多元用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)負荷轉(zhuan)移、削減以(yi)及(ji)異質能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換的潛力(li)；以(yi)高質消費為(wei)(wei)(wei)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，推(tui)廣智慧用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)平臺、智能(neng)(neng)自動響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)終端、虛擬(ni)電(dian)廠等新技(ji)術與(yu)(yu)新業態(tai)，充(chong)分調動用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)參與(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的積極性。推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側資源(yuan)(yuan)綜合優化(hua)。以(yi)綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統為(wei)(wei)(wei)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)紐帶(dai)，貫通需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)、多能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)系統與(yu)(yu)電(dian)網(wang)的信息交(jiao)互，研發(fa)以(yi)綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin)的綜合需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)技(ji)術，為(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)系統的需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側管理與(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)計劃(hua)制定提(ti)供技(ji)術支(zhi)撐。因此，推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)曲線重(zhong)塑，可(ke)實現供給側與(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側的聯(lian)動優化(hua)，助(zhu)力(li)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)服務。

5.打造能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統集群(qun)，助(zhu)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)服(fu)務。以區(qu)塊鏈等(deng)信息技術為(wei)支撐，推(tui)動(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)靈活自主微平衡(heng)交易(yi)，實現去(qu)中(zhong)心化(hua)、信息共享、智能(neng)結算(suan)的(de)(de)分布式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)、分布式(shi)儲能(neng)主體，與工(gong)業大用戶(hu)及個人、家庭級微用能(neng)主體間的(de)(de)點(dian)對(dui)點(dian)實時(shi)自主交易(yi)，進(jin)而(er)為(wei)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)綠(lv)色能(neng)源(yuan)認證(zheng)、綠(lv)色貨(huo)幣(bi)、綠(lv)色證(zheng)書等(deng)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)商業模式(shi)的(de)(de)推(tui)廣提(ti)供可能(neng)；依托綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統，全面(mian)推(tui)進(jin)多種能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)互(hu)補融(rong)合(he)(he)和跨區(qu)域能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統的(de)(de)聯合(he)(he)優(you)化(hua)，形成涵蓋電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、碳交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、綠(lv)色配額交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、煤電(dian)聯動(dong)機制(zhi)等(deng)多類(lei)型(xing)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)機制(zhi)；創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)(de)運營(ying)管理(li)機制(zhi)，發(fa)揮電(dian)網公司、裝備制(zhi)造企業、互(hu)聯網公司、金融(rong)企業等(deng)各類(lei)主體優(you)勢，推(tui)動(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)統及周邊產業各類(lei)主體協調發(fa)展，助(zhu)力能(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)服(fu)務。

四、“十四五”期間綜合能源的發展思路

隨(sui)著能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)形(xing)態升(sheng)級、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理體制變革，綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)將朝(chao)著供應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多元(yuan)(yuan)化、服(fu)務(wu)多元(yuan)(yuan)化、用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式(shi)多元(yuan)(yuan)化及智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化趨勢發展，其業務(wu)形(xing)態也由面(mian)(mian)向能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)終端逐步轉變為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組合(he)供應(ying)式(shi)服(fu)務(wu)、新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)融合(he)服(fu)務(wu)、一(yi)體化集成式(shi)服(fu)務(wu)等綜(zong)合(he)服(fu)務(wu)。綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)的目(mu)標是打造全(quan)社會綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)生態圈，“十四五”期(qi)間主要應(ying)從夯實(shi)理論基(ji)石、突破關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、完善基(ji)礎(chu)架構、優化市場機制、完善商業模(mo)式(shi)和實(shi)現服(fu)務(wu)的數據業務(wu)化等方面(mian)(mian)展開。

1.夯實理論基(ji)石(shi)。加強(qiang)多能(neng)源(yuan)設(she)備綜合(he)(he)建模(mo)、多能(neng)流(liu)網絡動(dong)態(tai)潮流(liu)分析、多能(neng)源(yuan)系統“源(yuan)網荷儲”聯合(he)(he)優(you)化、大規(gui)模(mo)復(fu)雜模(mo)型聯合(he)(he)求解等綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系統理論研(yan)究，推動(dong)綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系統協同(tong)優(you)化方法創(chuang)新，夯實綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系統理論基(ji)石(shi)。

2.突破關鍵技(ji)術(shu)。加強能(neng)(neng)量轉換(huan)、能(neng)(neng)量傳(chuan)輸和智能(neng)(neng)感知(zhi)與(yu)控制等關鍵技(ji)術(shu)研究，推動(dong)分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源轉化設(she)備、儲能(neng)(neng)設(she)備、智能(neng)(neng)終端(duan)技(ji)術(shu)革新(xin)，突破能(neng)(neng)源耦(ou)合、能(neng)(neng)源聯動(dong)的技(ji)術(shu)壁(bi)壘，實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)源在“生產-轉換(huan)-傳(chuan)輸-儲存-消費”等多(duo)環節的綠色高效應用。

3.完善基(ji)礎(chu)架(jia)構。一是(shi)加強分布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)源設(she)備和能(neng)(neng)(neng)源網絡建設(she)，鼓勵發(fa)展電(dian)、熱、冷(leng)、氫等多類(lei)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)施和因地制宜建設(she)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，推(tui)動多種能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的優化布局與高效利用；二是(shi)加強智能(neng)(neng)(neng)終端和智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源平(ping)臺建設(she)，實(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源生產消(xiao)費的智能(neng)(neng)(neng)監測(ce)、診(zhen)斷和調控，提升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供應(ying)的可靠性。

4.優化市(shi)(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)。合(he)理促(cu)進市(shi)(shi)場(chang)集中度(du)和開放度(du)不斷提高(gao)，鼓勵各(ge)類市(shi)(shi)場(chang)參(can)與主體(ti)尤其(qi)是能(neng)源服務(wu)商(shang)(shang)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)化發展(zhan)，建立(li)起政府(fu)、能(neng)源服務(wu)商(shang)(shang)、用能(neng)企業(ye)共同拓展(zhan)綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)源服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)合(he)作機(ji)制(zhi)，促(cu)進綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)源服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)不斷向(xiang)產業(ye)生態階段演進，創建風(feng)險共擔、互利(li)互惠的(de)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)生態圈(quan)。

5.完(wan)善商業模式(shi)。一是激發市場參與(yu)主體活力，實現(xian)各(ge)市場參與(yu)主體與(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)間有效、充分的互動，重視用(yong)戶(hu)側能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費行為的引導與(yu)培(pei)養；二(er)是以(yi)多能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應、技術(shu)融合以(yi)及(ji)集(ji)成式(shi)服(fu)(fu)務等模式(shi)為核心，為各(ge)類型(xing)客戶(hu)提供(gong)多種能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)整體規劃、設計、實施(shi)等服(fu)(fu)務。

6.提(ti)升數(shu)(shu)據(ju)業(ye)務(wu)化。一(yi)是(shi)提(ti)高用能(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)獲取的范圍、顆粒度和(he)精準(zhun)度，形成大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)資源服(fu)務(wu)基礎；二是(shi)提(ti)高數(shu)(shu)據(ju)分析處理能(neng)(neng)力，解決大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理底層(ceng)算法(fa)功能(neng)(neng)及性(xing)能(neng)(neng)瓶頸，進一(yi)步挖(wa)掘數(shu)(shu)據(ju)價值(zhi)的增(zeng)值(zhi)服(fu)務(wu)。

綜(zong)(zong)(zong)上所述，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源系統是(shi)支撐綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務(wu)業務(wu)開展、推動(dong)其業務(wu)拓展的(de)重要(yao)力量(liang)。未來，綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)價值與(yu)內涵將(jiang)不(bu)斷發展與(yu)延伸(shen)，客戶對綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源多元(yuan)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)更(geng)高要(yao)求也將(jiang)促使綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源系統相關技術不(bu)斷進步。