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當(dang)前，我國(guo)正處于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)治體(ti)系(xi)構建(jian)完善的(de)關鍵時期，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)恰逢其時。本次《能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)（征求意見稿）》邁(mai)出(chu)促(cu)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)的(de)堅實(shi)一步，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)能(neng)(neng)夠更好發(fa)揮法(fa)治固根本、穩預期、利長遠(yuan)的(de)保障作用，促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)戰略(lve)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)民(min)生等重大決策法(fa)律化(hua)(hua)、制度(du)化(hua)(hua)，推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)治理(li)體(ti)系(xi)和(he)治理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)現代化(hua)(hua)。

《能(neng)源法(fa)（征求意(yi)見稿）》結構合理、內容全面，遵循(xun)了(le)能(neng)源發展(zhan)的(de)客觀規(gui)(gui)律，全面考量(liang)了(le)我國能(neng)源發展(zhan)的(de)現狀(zhuang)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)本(ben)法(fa)第(di)二條第(di)二款“其(qi)他法(fa)律對(dui)能(neng)源開發利用及監督管理另有規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)，適(shi)用其(qi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)”適(shi)用范圍的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)務實管用，體現了(le)《能(neng)源法(fa)》與(yu)其(qi)他能(neng)源法(fa)律相互補充(chong)的(de)思路，實現了(le)《能(neng)源法(fa)》與(yu)其(qi)他能(neng)源單(dan)行(xing)法(fa)調整對(dui)象的(de)各有側重，法(fa)律規(gui)(gui)范的(de)無縫銜接,是(shi)《能(neng)源法(fa)》立(li)法(fa)工作與(yu)時(shi)俱進的(de)突出表現。

能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)關系國家安(an)全與(yu)基本民(min)生，涉及面廣泛、行(xing)業眾多，面臨的(de)形勢(shi)和(he)問(wen)題具(ju)有多樣(yang)性和(he)復雜(za)性，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)立法(fa)需(xu)統籌和(he)考量的(de)因素(su)較多，包(bao)括：要落實國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)戰略政策，協調一(yi)、二次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)及能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)品種相互關系；要做到(dao)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)立法(fa)與(yu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)改革(ge)有效銜接(jie)；要協調好政府、企(qi)業、用戶等多元能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主體(ti)之間權責關系；要構建(jian)完善能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)戰略、規劃、供(gong)應(ying)、使用等重要能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)環節的(de)制度安(an)排(pai)；要保(bao)障國內能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)，加強能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)國際合作，維護國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全等。

立足(zu)于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)關乎基本民(min)(min)(min)生的(de)屬性，保護能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)民(min)(min)(min)生原則應是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)立法的(de)根(gen)本。《能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法》應固化我國“始終把(ba)保障民(min)(min)(min)生供能(neng)(neng)放在首位(wei)”的(de)原則，明確保護公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)權(quan)益的(de)立法導(dao)向(xiang)。黨的(de)十九大(da)報告(gao)強調(diao)“堅持以(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)為中心的(de)發(fa)展思想”，“使人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)獲得(de)感、幸福感、安全感更(geng)(geng)加(jia)充實、更(geng)(geng)有保障、更(geng)(geng)可持續”。滿足(zu)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)美好(hao)生活用能(neng)(neng)需要，確保人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾“用上(shang)能(neng)(neng)、用好(hao)能(neng)(neng)”是以(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)為中心的(de)發(fa)展思想在能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域的(de)重(zhong)要體現，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)立法應更(geng)(geng)加(jia)注重(zhong)保障和改善公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)用能(neng)(neng)權(quan)益，將保護能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)民(min)(min)(min)生的(de)理(li)念貫穿(chuan)立法始終。

明確保護能源開發利用主體的合法權益的立法目的

《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》作為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域的(de)重要法(fa)律，立法(fa)目(mu)的(de)不宜僅包(bao)括規范能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發利(li)(li)用和監督管(guan)理，還應注重保(bao)護能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發利(li)(li)用主體(ti)的(de)合法(fa)權(quan)益。這是(shi)構建能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場、保(bao)障和規范能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全、平(ping)衡能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)利(li)(li)益關系的(de)基礎。鑒(jian)于維護能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)合法(fa)權(quan)益重要性和導(dao)向性，建議在立法(fa)目(mu)的(de)中旗幟鮮明予以(yi)明確，為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)民生保(bao)障制(zhi)度安排、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)各(ge)主體(ti)各(ge)權(quan)利(li)(li)義務(wu)平(ping)衡等指明方向。

完善能源普遍服務制度保障公民基本生活用能需要

征求意見稿首(shou)次(ci)規定了能(neng)源(yuan)普遍服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)義務(wu)(wu)(wu)，同時強調連續(xu)穩定供(gong)能(neng)義務(wu)(wu)(wu)，即“承(cheng)擔電力、燃氣和(he)(he)熱力等能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應的(de)企業(ye)，應當保障營業(ye)區域(yu)內(nei)的(de)用(yong)戶獲得(de)安全、持續(xu)和(he)(he)可靠的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)，沒有法定或(huo)者(zhe)約定事由(you)不(bu)得(de)拒(ju)絕或(huo)者(zhe)中斷能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)”，進一步(bu)保護公(gong)民(min)享有基本(ben)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)權益(yi)，回應社會關切，對保障民(min)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)有深遠(yuan)影響。綜合(he)考察能(neng)源(yuan)發展歷(li)史(shi)和(he)(he)各國實踐，能(neng)源(yuan)普遍服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)屬于國家(jia)基本(ben)公(gong)共服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)，政府(fu)是能(neng)源(yuan)普遍服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)體，公(gong)民(min)是能(neng)源(yuan)普遍服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)對象。

提供能源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)范圍應(ying)限定為基本生活需求，超(chao)過基本生活以(yi)外的(de)用能需求不應(ying)由國(guo)家保障。普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)可以(yi)由政府直接提供，也可以(yi)通過各類企業落實。國(guo)家應(ying)制定政策標準，建立(li)完(wan)善企業實施普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)成本補償機制。

建(jian)議《能(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)》立法(fa)以保(bao)護公(gong)民(min)享有(you)合法(fa)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)益作為出發點，進一步(bu)明(ming)確和(he)細化能(neng)源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的內涵(han)、主體及(ji)權(quan)責，更(geng)好地保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)民(min)享有(you)基(ji)本(ben)生活(huo)所(suo)(suo)需的能(neng)源(yuan)供應與服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。基(ji)于此，建(jian)議優化能(neng)源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)制度規定“國(guo)家健全能(neng)源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)機(ji)制，保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)民(min)獲(huo)(huo)得生活(huo)所(suo)(suo)需的最(zui)基(ji)本(ben)能(neng)源(yuan)供應與服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。”“各級政(zheng)府及(ji)能(neng)源(yuan)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)承擔能(neng)源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)責任(ren)，保(bao)障(zhang)所(suo)(suo)有(you)公(gong)民(min)能(neng)夠以合理價格獲(huo)(huo)得生活(huo)所(suo)(suo)需的最(zui)基(ji)本(ben)能(neng)源(yuan)供應與服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)以通過企業(ye)實施，國(guo)家對(dui)提供普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的企業(ye)，采取(qu)措施給予補償。能(neng)源(yuan)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)補償的具體辦(ban)法(fa)，由國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院能(neng)源(yuan)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)會同(tong)國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院有(you)關部(bu)門(men)(men)制定。”

發揮立法的規范指引作用豐富能源主體用能選擇權

黨的(de)(de)(de)十八屆三中(zhong)全會決定指(zhi)出“使市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)資源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置中(zhong)起決定性作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。”堅定不移推進改(gai)革，還原能源(yuan)(yuan)商品(pin)屬性，構(gou)建有效競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系(xi)是能源(yuan)(yuan)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)主要方向。當前(qian)正處(chu)于能源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化建設初期(qi)，能源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)體制機制在(zai)不斷設計和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)善。應充分發揮能源(yuan)(yuan)立(li)法對改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)規范和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，避免(mian)過渡階(jie)段因(yin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)機制設計不完(wan)備等因(yin)素，損(sun)害用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)能權益。應充分發揮能源(yuan)(yuan)立(li)法的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，豐(feng)富用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)對能源(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)種和(he)(he)(he)供應商的(de)(de)(de)選擇。

一是做好(hao)能源立(li)法(fa)(fa)與改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)有(you)效銜(xian)接。《中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)央關于(yu)(yu)全面推進依法(fa)(fa)治國(guo)若干重大問題(ti)的決(jue)(jue)定》指出(chu)，要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)立(li)法(fa)(fa)和改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)相銜(xian)接，做到(dao)重大決(jue)(jue)策(ce)于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)有(you)據，立(li)法(fa)(fa)主動適(shi)應(ying)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)和經濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展需(xu)要(yao)。實(shi)踐證明行(xing)之有(you)效的，要(yao)及時上(shang)升(sheng)為法(fa)(fa)律；實(shi)踐條(tiao)件(jian)還不成熟、需(xu)要(yao)“先行(xing)先試”的，要(yao)按照法(fa)(fa)定程(cheng)序作出(chu)授權。《能源法(fa)(fa)》應(ying)當做好(hao)與能源市場化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展相銜(xian)接，推動能源體制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)，發(fa)(fa)揮市場在(zai)資源配置中(zhong)的決(jue)(jue)定性(xing)作用(yong)。建議立(li)法(fa)(fa)工作中(zhong)嚴格遵循中(zhong)央制定的改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方(fang)案(an)和意見，保障改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)積(ji)極、穩妥(tuo)、有(you)序地推進落(luo)實(shi)，對于(yu)(yu)各方(fang)已(yi)達成共(gong)(gong)識的改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)成果應(ying)及時在(zai)能源立(li)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)予以(yi)固化，對于(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)試點仍在(zai)探討的問題(ti)待條(tiao)件(jian)成熟后再(zai)予以(yi)體現(xian)。

二是(shi)對能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的概念(nian)可(ke)予以(yi)界定，避(bi)免引起混淆。目前征(zheng)求(qiu)意(yi)見稿有諸多關于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的表述，其中第(di)(di)(di)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉及市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)。第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)八章第(di)(di)(di)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)４條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉及國際、國內能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉及能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)運行秩序。第(di)(di)(di)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉及市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供求(qiu)關系、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供求(qiu)狀態。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉及投(tou)資經營市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入(ru)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規則。

三是將“能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)”修改為(wei)“能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)”，避免產生混淆。征求意見稿第(di)六十五條(tiao)“國家區分不同能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)品種特性，推(tui)動煤(mei)炭、電力、石油(you)、天然(ran)氣等(deng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)，建(jian)立主體多元、統一開(kai)放、競(jing)爭(zheng)有序、有效監管的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系，實現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)在(zai)更大(da)范(fan)圍(wei)的優(you)化配置。國家推(tui)動建(jian)立功能(neng)(neng)完善、獨立運營、規范(fan)運行(xing)的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，鼓勵(li)發展(zhan)各(ge)種有效的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)方式和交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)品種。”本條(tiao)第(di)一款(kuan)(kuan)規定能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)的目的是“實現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)在(zai)更大(da)范(fan)圍(wei)的優(you)化配置”。第(di)二款(kuan)(kuan)規定建(jian)立交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)的手段之一。因(yin)此，“能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)”比(bi)“能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)”的表意更加(jia)準(zhun)確(que)。

四(si)是增加用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對(dui)供(gong)應商的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權。還原能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)商品屬性有(you)利于(yu)擴大(da)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權，實現人民群(qun)眾由“用(yong)(yong)上能(neng)(neng)(neng)”向(xiang)“用(yong)(yong)好(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)”的(de)(de)(de)轉變。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權包(bao)括能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權和(he)(he)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應商的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權，目前《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法》已有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，但(dan)沒有(you)對(dui)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應商的(de)(de)(de)相關闡述。建議在(zai)六十五條(tiao)第二款規(gui)(gui)定(ding)“國(guo)家推動建立功能(neng)(neng)(neng)完善、獨立運(yun)營、規(gui)(gui)范運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交易機構或(huo)交易平(ping)臺，鼓(gu)勵發展(zhan)各種(zhong)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)交易方(fang)式和(he)(he)交易品種(zhong)，推動用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對(dui)供(gong)應商的(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權。”

規范能源互聯網建設和發展滿足用戶多元的能源訴求

能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯網（智(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)）是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)和(he)現(xian)代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設的重點，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足用戶(hu)(hu)多元的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)訴求，豐富能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)用戶(hu)(hu)的體(ti)驗(yan)，符合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命與數字(zi)革命的趨勢，已經成為(wei)世界(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業內外的共識，建(jian)議在《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法》中增加規范和(he)保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯網建(jian)設的法律規制，為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)和(he)現(xian)代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設提供(gong)立法指(zhi)引(yin)。

同時，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)建設(she)引領(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產清(qing)潔化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費電氣化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術智慧化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)治理現代化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合作(zuo)國際化(hua)(hua)，也必(bi)然(ran)導致法(fa)律(lv)關系(xi)多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)、法(fa)律(lv)風險(xian)(xian)復雜化(hua)(hua)，需要(yao)與(yu)之相配套(tao)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)規制(zhi)予以規范和保(bao)障。建議(yi)(yi)明晰政府部門、傳(chuan)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)企業、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主體、用戶等(deng)各方權責，提升(sheng)電網(wang)等(deng)傳(chuan)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)網(wang)絡(luo)資源(yuan)配置能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)特(te)別是新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，解(jie)決能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)清(qing)潔低碳化(hua)(hua)轉型加速與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)投資規模大(da)、建設(she)周期(qi)長之間(jian)的(de)矛盾。建議(yi)(yi)識別分析防范能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)商(shang)業模式(shi)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)風險(xian)(xian)，創設(she)保(bao)障市場(chang)安全的(de)法(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)度，適應業態創新對市場(chang)驅動要(yao)求(qiu)高與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)商(shang)業模式(shi)還不(bu)完善(shan)之間(jian)的(de)矛盾。

規范政府監管職責邊界保障用戶用能權利

加強政府部門監(jian)管是《能源法(fa)(fa)》立(li)法(fa)(fa)的重要內容，推進簡政放(fang)(fang)權(quan)是國家(jia)釋放(fang)(fang)能源市場(chang)活力(li)和社會創造力(li)的重要手段，《能源法(fa)(fa)》立(li)法(fa)(fa)應當平(ping)衡(heng)兩者間的關系。首先明確政府監(jian)管職責邊界，注重發揮市場(chang)機制和社會自律，保護(hu)能源開(kai)發利(li)用主體的合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益，從而(er)有效保障和規(gui)范能源開(kai)發利(li)用秩序。

一是建議(yi)進一步對照中(zhong)央(yang)改革政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)文件，明(ming)(ming)(ming)確政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的職責范圍、權(quan)力邊界，重點明(ming)(ming)(ming)確政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的權(quan)力邊界與政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)以外的市(shi)場(chang)主體(ti)禁(jin)止性(xing)行為(wei)。公(gong)開(kai)征求(qiu)意見稿涉及(ji)不(bu)同層(ceng)級、十余個政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)門，建議(yi)對政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主體(ti)的部(bu)分表(biao)述予以明(ming)(ming)(ming)確，避免《能(neng)源法》適(shi)用中(zhong)的交叉監管或(huo)監管空白。

本(ben)稿(gao)涉及的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要包括：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、縣(xian)級以(yi)上地方人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)依照本(ben)法和(he)本(ben)級人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)（第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)標準化(hua)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)有(you)關(guan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展改革部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。省(sheng)級人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；有(you)關(guan)省(sheng)級人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)（第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)財政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、價格(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理節能工作的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自然(ran)資源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)財政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)及其他有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)指定的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)省(sheng)級教育行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)及相關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)投資主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構（第(di)(di)(di)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；能源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；計量行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)百零六條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）等。

中(zhong)國特色社會(hui)主(zhu)義法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)建設的(de)根本(ben)(ben)目的(de)是保障人(ren)民權益，“用(yong)上能(neng)、用(yong)好(hao)能(neng)”是滿足人(ren)民日益增長的(de)美好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)活需(xu)要(yao)的(de)重要(yao)組成。要(yao)優化(hua)和(he)完善《能(neng)源法(fa)(fa)(fa)》對能(neng)源民生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)目的(de)、立法(fa)(fa)(fa)原(yuan)則、制(zhi)度安(an)排的(de)規定，進一(yi)步豐富我國關乎基本(ben)(ben)民生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律制(zhi)度體系，不斷增加人(ren)民群眾獲得(de)感、幸福感和(he)安(an)全感。