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近年來，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源技術、云計算、大數據、移動通訊和人工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)等創新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，不斷推動著能(neng)(neng)源行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)轉型(xing)升級，帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網形態功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)改變，也帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態不斷涌(yong)現，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶來新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)機遇和挑戰(zhan)。2018年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亮點紛呈，成為推動能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網轉型(xing)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)管(guan)理變革(ge)的(de)(de)重要力(li)量。

一、電力新業態

分布式能源、微網以及綜合能源系統

從早(zao)期的(de)(de)分布式天然氣多聯(lian)供(gong)到近期的(de)(de)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)，再到微電(dian)網(wang)、多能(neng)互補(bu)和綜(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)，通過先進信(xin)息(xi)技術(shu)、能(neng)量管(guan)理技術(shu)與能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)深(shen)度融合，推(tui)動能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)新業(ye)態(tai)的(de)(de)興起。這些新的(de)(de)供(gong)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)從“離網(wang)型”獨立供(gong)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)開(kai)始(shi)起步(bu)，以“并網(wang)型”實現廣泛應用(yong)，既是(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)又是(shi)負荷，成為(wei)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)中區別于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和負荷的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)新業(ye)態(tai)。

分布式能源：是利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)小型設備就近向用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶提(ti)(ti)供能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)的能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)式，從20世(shi)紀70年代開始發(fa)展。客觀來看，大系統(tong)比小系統(tong)更具(ju)有規模(mo)效應(ying)(ying)，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)效率(lv)相對較高(gao)，但由于分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)能(neng)夠實(shi)現熱電(dian)聯供，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率(lv)，因此也得到了廣泛(fan)關注。早(zao)期分布式能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)形式主(zhu)要以天然氣熱電(dian)聯供為主(zhu)，通常接入電(dian)網(wang)，只(zhi)“上(shang)(shang)網(wang)”不(bu)“下網(wang)”；或者只(zhi)“下網(wang)”不(bu)“上(shang)(shang)網(wang)”，對電(dian)網(wang)而言(yan)作為負荷(he)的形態(tai)存在，因此也談不(bu)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)力新業態(tai)。

近(jin)些年來(lai)，隨著可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)的成(cheng)熟和廣(guang)泛應用，同時由(you)(you)于風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)度低(di)，更適(shi)合就(jiu)近(jin)、以小系統(tong)方式(shi)利用，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已成(cheng)為分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)展的主(zhu)要(yao)形式(shi)。由(you)(you)于風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出力特性(xing)的波動性(xing)，主(zhu)要(yao)以并網(wang)(wang)(wang)實現風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的經濟高效利用，這(zhe)種類型(xing)分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源既(ji)“上網(wang)(wang)(wang)”又“下網(wang)(wang)(wang)”，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)言既(ji)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源又是負荷，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力新業態。

微網：早期主要指微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)本(ben)地可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)為(wei)主，通(tong)過增加儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)單元和控(kong)制單元，成(cheng)為(wei)高(gao)滲透率風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)分(fen)布式新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)應用(yong)的(de)高(gao)級(ji)形式。微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)由分(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)設施(shi)、監控(kong)和保護裝置等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)小(xiao)型發配(pei)(pei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，主要特(te)點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)低，一般在(zai)35千伏及以(yi)下；系(xi)統規模小(xiao)，系(xi)統容量（最大用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)）原則上不大于20兆(zhao)瓦(wa)。后來隨著(zhu)微(wei)網(wang)(wang)內電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)多(duo)樣(yang)化，以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出形式的(de)多(duo)樣(yang)化（由單一供電(dian)(dian)向供電(dian)(dian)、供熱、供冷等(deng)多(duo)元供能(neng)(neng)(neng)），微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展成(cheng)為(wei)微(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)。

盡管微網(wang)早期(qi)以離網(wang)型為主，但(dan)從應用和發展趨勢來(lai)看，并網(wang)型微網(wang)是主要應用形式，與電(dian)網(wang)雙向(xiang)互動(dong)，成為電(dian)力新業態(tai)。

多能互補綜合能源系統：又稱綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)，既(ji)是(shi)(shi)微網(wang)的(de)升級版，又是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯(lian)網(wang)（“互聯(lian)網(wang)+”智(zhi)(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)）的(de)重要單元。2016年7月，國(guo)家發展改革委國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局推出(chu)《關于推進多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)集成(cheng)優化(hua)示范工(gong)程建(jian)設的(de)實(shi)施意見》，首次提出(chu)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)集成(cheng)優化(hua)示范工(gong)程的(de)兩種模(mo)式(shi)，其(qi)中終端一體(ti)化(hua)集成(cheng)供(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)也就是(shi)(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)，其(qi)特點是(shi)(shi)面(mian)向終端用戶電、熱、冷、氣等多種用能(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求，互補(bu)利用傳統(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和(he)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)一體(ti)化(hua)集成(cheng)供(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)基礎設施，通(tong)過天然氣熱電冷三聯(lian)供(gong)、分(fen)布式(shi)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)微網(wang)等方式(shi)，實(shi)現多能(neng)(neng)(neng)協同供(gong)應和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綜(zong)(zong)合梯級利用，是(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)基礎。

儲能系統

這里主要指非抽蓄儲(chu)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。早期的儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)微網(wang)和綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的組成(cheng)(cheng)部分。近年來，隨(sui)著電(dian)化學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)的快速發展(zhan)和成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的大幅下降，用(yong)戶側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、電(dian)源(yuan)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，特別是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)快速發展(zhan)，成(cheng)(cheng)為一種(zhong)電(dian)力新業態。電(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)指直接接入公用(yong)電(dian)網(wang)、接受電(dian)網(wang)調度的儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。

二、新業態發展現狀

分布式能源、微網及綜合能源系統

分布式電源：近(jin)年來，技(ji)術進(jin)步帶動(dong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)經濟(ji)性持續提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，加上新能源(yuan)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)調整、電(dian)(dian)力改革深化(hua)、新城鎮新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)等(deng)政策措施持續推進(jin)，各(ge)方參與分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的積極(ji)性進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)呈現高(gao)速(su)發(fa)展態勢。我國分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)尚未建(jian)立統一(yi)的全國范圍統計口徑，根據(ju)相關統計數據(ju)，到2018年底，我國分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)1裝機(ji)約為7500萬千瓦，占(zhan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)總裝機(ji)的3.8%。我國分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以新能源(yuan)為主(zhu)，其中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏占(zhan)比達67%。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)集(ji)中(zhong)在東中(zhong)部和(he)南方地區，其中(zhong)浙(zhe)江(jiang)、山東、江(jiang)蘇、安徽四省合計約占(zhan)60%

微電網：根據(ju)已掌握的項目并網(wang)(wang)(wang)信息，國內已投(tou)運的微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程項目超(chao)過35個。這些微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程大致可分為三類：偏遠地區微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)、海島微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)城市(shi)微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)。

偏遠地區微電網：我國已在西(xi)藏(zang)、青海、新疆(jiang)、內蒙古等省(sheng)的邊遠地區建(jian)設了一批(pi)微(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)工程，共計11個，以并網(wang)(wang)(wang)型微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為主，包括：西(xi)藏(zang)措勤縣微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、蒙東(dong)陳巴(ba)爾(er)胡旗(qi)微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、青海玉樹微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)等；

海島地區微電網：利用海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)新能源、建設海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)微(wei)網(wang)是解決我國海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)供電問(wen)題(ti)的最佳選擇，目前共建成10個，主要是離(li)網(wang)型微(wei)電網(wang)，包括：浙江南麂島(dao)(dao)微(wei)電網(wang)試點、廣東珠海(hai)(hai)(hai)東澳島(dao)(dao)微(wei)電網(wang)試點、海(hai)(hai)(hai)南三沙市永(yong)興島(dao)(dao)微(wei)電網(wang)等。

城市微電網：多集成新能源、提供(gong)高質量及多樣性的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性服務(wu)、冷熱電(dian)(dian)綜合利用等，已建成13個，以并網(wang)(wang)(wang)型微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為主(zhu)，包括(kuo)：天津生態城公屋(wu)展示中心(xin)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、佛(fo)山冷熱電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)供(gong)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、江蘇(su)南京供(gong)電(dian)(dian)公司微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)等。

多能互補、綜合能源系統示范項目：“十(shi)三五”以來，國家已批(pi)復“互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)+”智慧能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)等試點(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目55個(ge)(ge)，其中城市能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)綜合示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目12個(ge)(ge)、園區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)綜合示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目12個(ge)(ge)、其它及跨(kua)地區多能(neng)協同示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目5個(ge)(ge)、基于電動汽車的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目6個(ge)(ge)、基于靈活性(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目2個(ge)(ge)、基于綠色能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)靈活交(jiao)易的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目3個(ge)(ge)、基于行(xing)業融合的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目4個(ge)(ge)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大數(shu)據與第三方(fang)服(fu)務示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目8個(ge)(ge)、智能(neng)化(hua)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基礎設施示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目3個(ge)(ge)。

批復(fu)多能(neng)互補(bu)終端一(yi)體化(hua)集成供能(neng)系統(tong)17個(ge)；新能(neng)源微電(dian)網示范項目28個(ge)，這些示范項目成為各利益主體爭相搶占的技術和市場領域。

儲能

截至(zhi)2018年(nian)底，我國(guo)已(yi)投(tou)運(yun)的(de)電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)累計裝(zhuang)機規模(mo)為101萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同比增(zeng)長159%。從我國(guo)己投(tou)運(yun)的(de)電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)項目的(de)技術分(fen)布上(shang)看，主要以鋰離子、鉛(qian)(qian)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)為主。其中(zhong)鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)累計裝(zhuang)機68.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，占68%；鉛(qian)(qian)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)位列第(di)二，累計裝(zhuang)機規模(mo)29.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，占29%。2018年(nian)，電(dian)網側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)成(cheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)市場最大的(de)亮點，全年(nian)新(xin)投(tou)運(yun)電(dian)網側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)規模(mo)20.68萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，占全國(guo)新(xin)投(tou)運(yun)項目總(zong)規模(mo)的(de)36%，首次超(chao)過用戶側(ce)，躍居第(di)一(yi)位。

河南(nan)、江蘇、湖南(nan)、甘(gan)肅等地(di)陸續開展(zhan)了百兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)級別的電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目建設(she)。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)，總規模(mo)(mo)為(wei)101兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)/101兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)的河南(nan)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)程首批示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)程投(tou)運(yun)，該示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)程采(cai)用“分布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置、模(mo)(mo)塊化設(she)計、標準化接入、集中式(shi)調控(kong)”技術(shu)方案分布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)9個地(di)區的16座變電(dian)(dian)站；2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)，我國(guo)目前容(rong)量最大(da)的電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目——江蘇鎮(zhen)江電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)站并(bing)網(wang)(wang)運(yun)行(xing)，該項(xiang)目分等8個儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)站，采(cai)用“分散(san)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置，統一調度”技術(shu)方案，總容(rong)量為(wei)101兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)/202兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)；2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)底，湖南(nan)省電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)工(gong)程項(xiang)目一期(qi)工(gong)程建設(she)規模(mo)(mo)60兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)／120兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)順利并(bing)網(wang)(wang)，該項(xiang)目總規模(mo)(mo)為(wei)120兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)/240兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)；2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)底，甘(gan)肅省首個國(guo)家網(wang)(wang)域大(da)規模(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)站試驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目獲批，一期(qi)建設(she)規模(mo)(mo)180兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)/720兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)，有(you)望(wang)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)投(tou)運(yun)。

三、政策環境與發展趨勢展望

已發布的政策和相關支持文件

2015年(nian)(nian)以來，國家(jia)陸續出(chu)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)于推(tui)(tui)進新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)示范(fan)項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》、《關(guan)于推(tui)(tui)進“互(hu)聯網(wang)+”智慧能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》、《關(guan)于推(tui)(tui)進多能(neng)互(hu)補(bu)集(ji)成(cheng)優化示范(fan)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施意(yi)見(jian)》、《推(tui)(tui)進并(bing)網(wang)型微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)試行辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》、《關(guan)于開(kai)展(zhan)分布式(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)市場化交(jiao)易試點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》、《分布式(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)管理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)（征求意(yi)見(jian)稿）》等文(wen)件(jian)。為(wei)順(shun)應電(dian)(dian)力新(xin)業(ye)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司2017年(nian)(nian)進入綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務領域，成(cheng)立(li)了(le)26家(jia)省級綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務公(gong)司，2019年(nian)(nian)初(chu)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)了(le)《國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司關(guan)于推(tui)(tui)進綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務業(ye)務發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)2019-2020年(nian)(nian)行動計劃》；南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)也于2019年(nian)(nian)初(chu)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于明確公(gong)司綜合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)(you)關(guan)事項(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》。

2017年，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)委(wei)(wei)、國(guo)家(jia)能源局等五部委(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)《關(guan)于促進儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能技術與產業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)指導(dao)意見》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)能源〔2017〕1701號）。2019年年初，兩大(da)電網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)相(xiang)繼出臺促進電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指導(dao)意見，推進電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。南方(fang)電網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)率先發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《關(guan)于促進電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)指導(dao)意見》征(zheng)求(qiu)意見稿，緊接(jie)著，國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)辦公廳印發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)《國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)關(guan)于促進電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)指導(dao)意見（試行）》。

政策要義分析及發展趨勢

能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)、新(xin)模式的發展(zhan)勢不可(ke)擋，已(yi)成(cheng)為國家(jia)推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費革(ge)(ge)命(ming)、供給革(ge)(ge)命(ming)和技(ji)術革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的重要抓手。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)、新(xin)模式是全球新(xin)一輪科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)和產業(ye)變革(ge)(ge)中，互(hu)聯(lian)網理念、先(xian)進(jin)信(xin)息技(ji)術與能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)產業(ye)深度(du)融合(he)的產物，是構建綠色(se)低碳、安全高效的現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系的必(bi)然(ran)要求(qiu)，對于提高清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比重，提升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜合(he)效率(lv)，推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場開放和產業(ye)升(sheng)級，形成(cheng)新(xin)的經濟增長點(dian)具有重要意(yi)義。

從(cong)兩大電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)向綜合能(neng)源服務(wu)商轉型和跨界之后，又不約而同發(fa)(fa)(fa)文促進儲能(neng)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，從(cong)國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)提出“三型兩網(wang)”、加快建設世界一流能(neng)源互聯網(wang)企業(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展戰略來(lai)看，新業(ye)態、新模(mo)式的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展勢不可擋(dang)，目(mu)前先進物聯網(wang)技(ji)術在電(dian)力系統中(zhong)的(de)應用才剛(gang)剛(gang)起步，未來(lai)電(dian)力新業(ye)態/新模(mo)式還將不斷(duan)涌現。

告(gao)別補(bu)貼思維，結(jie)合能源電力體制改(gai)革(ge)，通過(guo)構(gou)建(jian)有效競爭的(de)市場結(jie)構(gou)和市場體系，促(cu)進新(xin)業(ye)態在市場中實現價值。從國家已出臺的(de)相(xiang)關支持文件來看(kan)，都不再提專項(xiang)財(cai)政補(bu)貼，主要鼓勵(li)結(jie)合能源電力體制機制改(gai)革(ge)，激發市場活力，鼓勵(li)新(xin)業(ye)態通過(guo)市場的(de)方(fang)式實現盈利和良(liang)性發展。

對(dui)(dui)于(yu)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統，鼓勵(li)組建綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務(wu)公(gong)司從事市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、售電等業務(wu)，積極推行合同能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管理、綜(zong)合節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)服務(wu)等市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)機制(zhi)(zhi)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，鼓勵(li)建立與電力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)運營服務(wu)相配套的儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)服務(wu)補(bu)償機制(zhi)(zhi)；建立儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等靈活性資(zi)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易機制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)價格形成機制(zhi)(zhi)，鼓勵(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直接參(can)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易，通過市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)盈利；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)發(fa)電，鼓勵(li)開展分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)發(fa)電市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易試點，也是嘗(chang)試推動由過去對(dui)(dui)風電、光伏發(fa)電的度電補(bu)貼向市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易轉(zhuan)變。

新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)(tai)必將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)能源電(dian)(dian)力管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制機(ji)制的變革(ge)(ge)(ge)。電(dian)(dian)力新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)(tai)的出現(xian)，將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)網形態(tai)(tai)功能的改(gai)(gai)變。如，分(fen)布(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與電(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)融合(he)，將催生大量(liang)局部發(fa)售(shou)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化或發(fa)配(pei)售(shou)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化模(mo)式，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網規劃管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制機(ji)制的改(gai)(gai)變；分(fen)布(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化交易(yi)(yi)，將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)力營銷管(guan)理(li)(li)、交易(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)的變革(ge)(ge)(ge)，對于綜合(he)能源系統，需要結合(he)電(dian)(dian)力、油(you)氣體(ti)(ti)制改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)工作，創新(xin)終(zhong)端一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化集成供能系統管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)運行模(mo)式，推進售(shou)電(dian)(dian)業(ye)務放開改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)油(you)氣管(guan)網放開改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。

又如，大量(liang)儲能系統(tong)接(jie)入電(dian)網(wang)，帶來電(dian)網(wang)規劃管理(li)和(he)電(dian)力統(tong)計(ji)管理(li)的(de)變革(ge)。需要適應(ying)電(dian)力系統(tong)的(de)發展(zhan)，適時推進(jin)能源電(dian)力管理(li)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)的(de)變革(ge)。

新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)必將推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)創新(xin)。新(xin)商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)出現是推動新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)發展重(zhong)要引擎，新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)實現突破發展的(de)關(guan)鍵在(zai)于商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)創新(xin)，以服(fu)務(wu)(wu)創造價值(zhi)。對于分布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)以及綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統，需要創新(xin)商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，鼓勵采取電網(wang)、燃氣、熱力公(gong)司(si)控股或參股等(deng)方式(shi)組建(jian)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)公(gong)司(si)從事(shi)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)、售電等(deng)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)，積(ji)極推行(xing)合同能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管理、綜(zong)合節能(neng)(neng)(neng)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)等(deng)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)機制；加快構建(jian)基于互(hu)聯網(wang)的(de)智慧用能(neng)(neng)(neng)信息化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)平臺(tai)，為用戶提供開放(fang)共享、靈活(huo)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供應及增值(zhi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)。

對(dui)于(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)，需(xu)要營造開放(fang)包容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)環境(jing)，鼓勵各種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)創新(xin)，探索一批可(ke)推廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)，形成基于(yu)電力與能(neng)(neng)源市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)多種儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)商(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)。