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按照“管住(zhu)中(zhong)間、放開(kai)兩(liang)頭”的體制架構，我國輸(shu)配電價改革(ge)先(xian)行先(xian)試、高效(xiao)推進，形成了以準許成本(ben)加合理(li)收(shou)益為基(ji)(ji)礎、引入現(xian)(xian)代激勵(li)性監(jian)管理(li)念的制度框架，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)完成了首個監(jian)管周期各層級電網輸(shu)配電價核定，率先(xian)實現(xian)(xian)了此輪(lun)電改的“中(zhong)間”突破，為“兩(liang)頭”放開(kai)打(da)下(xia)了堅(jian)實基(ji)(ji)礎。

一、輸配電價改革取得的成效

高效完善輸配電價改革頂層設計

圍繞建立“規(gui)則(ze)明晰、水平合理、監管有力(li)、科學(xue)透明”的(de)獨立輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)體系，有序推(tui)進并高效完成輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)頂(ding)層設計。根(gen)據《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)國務(wu)院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)若干意見(jian)》和(he)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)國務(wu)院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)進一(yi)步深化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)若干意見(jian)》，先后制定(ding)(ding)出臺《輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)成本監審(shen)辦(ban)法(fa)（試(shi)(shi)行）》（2015年(nian)(nian)6月）、《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)實施意見(jian)》（2015年(nian)(nian)11月）和(he)《省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)辦(ban)法(fa)（試(shi)(shi)行）》（2016年(nian)(nian)12月）、《區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)辦(ban)法(fa)試(shi)(shi)行》、《跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)專項(xiang)工程(cheng)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)辦(ban)法(fa)(試(shi)(shi)初》《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)制定(ding)(ding)地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)指導意見(jian)》（2017年(nian)(nian)12月）。不到三年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間(jian)，輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)頂(ding)層設計涵蓋了跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)專項(xiang)工程(cheng)、區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)等輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各個(ge)環節(jie)、全部領(ling)域。

基本完成首個監管周期輸配電價核定

省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)方面，按(an)照準(zhun)許成本加合(he)理(li)收益的原則，歷(li)經(jing)試點(dian)破冰、擴圍提速到全面覆蓋，32個省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)核(he)定(ding)工(gong)作全部完成。區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)方面，在(zai)按(an)“準(zhun)許成本加合(he)理(li)收益”核(he)準(zhun)準(zhun)許收入(ru)的基礎上，按(an)兩(liang)部制電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形式(shi)核(he)定(ding)并公布(bu)了華北(bei)(bei)、華東、華中、東北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)。跨省(sheng)跨區輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)方面，按(an)經(jing)營期電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)法，區分(fen)聯網(wang)功(gong)能為(wei)主（實行單一(yi)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)）與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能為(wei)主（實行單一(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)），開展(zhan)新(xin)投產工(gong)程(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)核(he)定(ding)和(he)已核(he)價(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)復(fu)核(he)調整(zheng)工(gong)作，調整(zheng)公布(bu)了寧東直流等專項工(gong)程(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)。

初步建立電網企業激勵約束機制

實行費(fei)率(lv)(lv)上限管控機(ji)制(zhi)，參考歷史費(fei)率(lv)(lv)水平和(he)先進(jin)成本(ben)(ben)標準，材(cai)料費(fei)、修理(li)費(fei)、其他費(fei)用(yong)等高出上限部分(fen)不計入(ru)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價。強化投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)束機(ji)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)量增長、負(fu)荷增長、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)不匹配的(de)成本(ben)(ben)費(fei)用(yong)暫不予(yu)納入(ru)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價。建立投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)定(ding)期校核機(ji)制(zhi)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)虛報投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)實際(ji)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)額(e)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)規劃投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)額(e)時(shi)，對差額(e)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對應(ying)準許收(shou)入(ru)的(de)70%予(yu)以扣(kou)減，反之則差額(e)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對應(ying)的(de)準許收(shou)入(ru)不再上調。建立成本(ben)(ben)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)分(fen)享機(ji)制(zhi)，規定(ding)企業(ye)實際(ji)借款利(li)率(lv)(lv)、線損率(lv)(lv)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)政府(fu)核定(ding)標準的(de)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)部分(fen)由(you)企業(ye)和(he)用(yong)戶按1:1比例分(fen)享。建立準許收(shou)益(yi)率(lv)(lv)浮動機(ji)制(zhi)，具(ju)備條件的(de)地區允許準許收(shou)益(yi)率(lv)(lv)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產實際(ji)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)(lv)、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)及服務(wu)質(zhi)量相應(ying)上下(xia)浮動。通過引入(ru)激(ji)勵性(xing)管制(zhi)理(li)念(nian)，調動電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)加強管理(li)、降低(di)(di)成本(ben)(ben)、提高效率(lv)(lv)、改進(jin)服務(wu)。

有效促進各方適應改革能力提升

通(tong)過成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)監(jian)(jian)審(shen)(shen)和(he)(he)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)(he)定，促進了電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立健全輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)歸(gui)集(ji)體系，準確記錄和(he)(he)合理歸(gui)集(ji)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)費用(yong)數據(ju)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)適應(ying)改革(ge)也積極做好電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規劃、投(tou)資、財務等(deng)方面與(yu)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)的銜接，主動(dong)提升適應(ying)改革(ge)和(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)管的能力。初步建立政府(fu)監(jian)(jian)管長(chang)效機制(zhi)，鍛煉了專業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)管隊伍，形(xing)成(cheng)了成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)監(jian)(jian)審(shen)(shen)基礎(chu)上的電(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)(he)定、批(pi)復(fu)、公布等(deng)制(zhi)度規則和(he)(he)操作流(liu)程；財政部出臺《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)品成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)核(he)(he)算制(zhi)度——電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)經(jing)營行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)》，及時規范電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)經(jing)營行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)品成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)核(he)(he)算行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)；監(jian)(jian)管部門建立電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)經(jing)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)信息定期(qi)報(bao)告制(zhi)度，要求電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)按月、按年報(bao)送(song)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行(xing)(xing)情況(kuang)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營情況(kuang)信息，監(jian)(jian)管部門據(ju)此可以對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的投(tou)資、生產(chan)、運(yun)營數據(ju)進行(xing)(xing)定期(qi)核(he)(he)查。

有力釋放輸配電價改革紅利

一方面，通過(guo)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改(gai)革，推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場交易(yi)(yi)。2015年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)直接(jie)交易(yi)(yi)4300億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時，降低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)200多(duo)(duo)億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)。2016年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)市場化(hua)交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量突破1萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時，降低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)500多(duo)(duo)億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)。2017年(nian)市場化(hua)交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量1.6萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時，改(gai)革紅利(li)進一步釋(shi)放。另一方面，通過(guo)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核定擠掉不合理“水分(fen)”，直接(jie)降低(di)各層級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)標(biao)準，僅省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改(gai)革就核減(jian)32個省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)準許收入(ru)約480億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)平(ping)均(jun)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)比原來購銷價(jia)差平(ping)均(jun)每(mei)千(qian)瓦時減(jian)少將近(jin)一分(fen)錢。

成功探索順利推進改革的方法路徑

作為此(ci)輪電(dian)改率先突破的改革(ge)(ge)任(ren)務，輸配(pei)電(dian)價改革(ge)(ge)經驗彌足珍貴(gui)。此(ci)次輸配(pei)電(dian)價改革(ge)(ge)遵循試點(dian)先行(xing)、穩妥推進的改革(ge)(ge)步驟(zou)，在(zai)試點(dian)中(zhong)積極探索多種(zhong)(zhong)實踐(jian)方式(shi)(shi)（如在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)監(jian)審(shen)(shen)中(zhong)試點(dian)了本(ben)地監(jian)審(shen)(shen)、上(shang)級監(jian)審(shen)(shen)、交(jiao)叉監(jian)審(shen)(shen)三種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)），在(zai)試點(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)的基礎上(shang)適時(shi)擴(kuo)大(da)試點(dian)、果斷全面(mian)覆(fu)蓋(gai)、有序(xu)縱深(shen)推進，在(zai)改革(ge)(ge)路(lu)線圖上(shang)形成(cheng)(cheng)了成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)范式(shi)(shi)。堅持國家統(tong)一(yi)指導、地方負責實施的總體改革(ge)(ge)策略，國家統(tong)一(yi)設計(ji)公布頂層制(zhi)(zhi)度做(zuo)到(dao)規則透明，地方政府制(zhi)(zhi)定上(shang)報實施方案、允許因地制(zhi)(zhi)宜但不能突破大(da)原則，確保執行(xing)不跑偏(pian)不走樣(yang)，輸配(pei)電(dian)價核(he)定、批(pi)復后對外公布接受(shou)社會監(jian)督(du)，在(zai)改革(ge)(ge)方法論上(shang)積累(lei)了成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)經驗。

二、當前輸配電價改革的主要問題

改革頂層設計有待完善深化

輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)頂層設計(ji)的(de)(de)“四梁八柱”雖已具(ju)(ju)備(bei)，但(dan)如(ru)同房(fang)屋初(chu)步建成，余下的(de)(de)內部裝修(xiu)工(gong)程還有(you)(you)不少。已經出臺(tai)的(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)相關辦法(fa)側重于監管期開始前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)核(he)(he)定(ding)，雖有(you)(you)效解(jie)決了(le)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)盡快(kuai)啟動的(de)(de)“眼(yan)前(qian)(qian)急需”，但(dan)對于監管期內和監管期結束后的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)調整多是原則性(xing)規(gui)定(ding)而缺乏實(shi)操性(xing)，需要隨著改(gai)(gai)革(ge)深入進一步細化(hua)(hua)。價(jia)格(ge)(ge)核(he)(he)定(ding)規(gui)則本(ben)身也有(you)(you)待(dai)完善之(zhi)處，如(ru)《省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)定(ding)價(jia)辦法(fa)（試行(xing)）》中沒有(you)(you)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)說明基本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)計(ji)算方法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)性(xing)交(jiao)叉補貼解(jie)決機制(zhi)尚未(wei)(wei)理順、補貼數額(e)尚未(wei)(wei)厘(li)清，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)階段通過(guo)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)回收(shou)，影(ying)響輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)獨(du)立性(xing)和促進市場(chang)交(jiao)易作用(yong)的(de)(de)發揮。除分(fen)布式(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“過(guo)網(wang)費(fei)”考慮了(le)交(jiao)易雙方所占用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)資(zi)產(chan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣距離外，其他市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易的(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)按郵票法(fa)收(shou)取，未(wei)(wei)能(neng)充分(fen)反(fan)映各類(lei)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)實(shi)際輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。

輸配電價核定結果難言科學合理

輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)在我國屬于新生(sheng)事(shi)物(wu)，在世界上(shang)(shang)也(ye)是監管(guan)難題(ti)。一方(fang)面，對歷史成本(ben)(ben)的(de)監審和(he)對未來成本(ben)(ben)的(de)預測需要(yao)財務審計(ji)、輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等多方(fang)面的(de)專業(ye)知識、能(neng)力和(he)經驗，政府現有(you)(you)監管(guan)力量和(he)水平(ping)下還(huan)無法真正做到專業(ye)監審、科(ke)學預測。另一方(fang)面，價(jia)格核(he)(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)需要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)建立適應(ying)監管(guan)需要(yao)的(de)成本(ben)(ben)歸(gui)集和(he)核(he)(he)(he)(he)算機(ji)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)現有(you)(you)成本(ben)(ben)核(he)(he)(he)(he)算制(zhi)度(du)和(he)提供的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)經營成本(ben)(ben)（費用）數據還(huan)不能(neng)完全滿足科(ke)學核(he)(he)(he)(he)價(jia)的(de)需要(yao)。事(shi)實(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)，作為輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)關鍵環節的(de)省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，首(shou)個監管(guan)周(zhou)期(qi)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)核(he)(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)從制(zhi)度(du)設(she)計(ji)上(shang)(shang)考(kao)慮了與現有(you)(you)購銷價(jia)差水平(ping)的(de)銜接(jie)（如權益(yi)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)收益(yi)率可(ke)參考(kao)省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)監管(guan)周(zhou)期(qi)前三年實(shi)(shi)際稅后凈資(zi)產(chan)收益(yi)率核(he)(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)），顯然這(zhe)也(ye)是主客觀(guan)條(tiao)件限制(zhi)下推進輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)加快(kuai)改(gai)革(ge)、推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場加快(kuai)建設(she)、實(shi)(shi)現新舊機(ji)制(zhi)平(ping)穩(wen)過渡的(de)務實(shi)(shi)之舉。

對電網企業激勵約束仍顯不足

現有激(ji)勵(li)約(yue)(yue)束機(ji)(ji)(ji)制實(shi)(shi)施難度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)一，其(qi)中(zhong)與(yu)電(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)長、負荷增(zeng)長、供電(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性掛鉤的(de)投(tou)資(zi)約(yue)(yue)束機(ji)(ji)(ji)制和隨電(dian)網資(zi)產實(shi)(shi)際(ji)利用率、供電(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性、服(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)上下浮動的(de)準許收益率調整機(ji)(ji)(ji)制實(shi)(shi)施難度(du)(du)較大，可(ke)(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)實(shi)(shi)施規(gui)則需要在(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷完(wan)善。電(dian)網企業通(tong)過(guo)激(ji)勵(li)性管制增(zeng)加的(de)準許收入如何使用分配沒有明確，如果其(qi)中(zhong)一部分不(bu)(bu)能轉化為電(dian)網企業職工(gong)收入增(zeng)加，其(qi)激(ji)勵(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用將大打折扣。對電(dian)網企業為適應監管而改革完(wan)善內部成本核(he)算、資(zi)產管理機(ji)(ji)(ji)制的(de)激(ji)勵(li)約(yue)(yue)束缺(que)失，而這一點在(zai)改革初(chu)期尤為重要。

各方適應改革能力有待進一步提升

電網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業預算管(guan)(guan)理、規(gui)劃投資(zi)、資(zi)產(chan)運維、會(hui)計核(he)算等(deng)尚未(wei)實(shi)現(xian)與準許收入監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)有(you)效(xiao)銜(xian)接，分(fen)電壓等(deng)級(ji)、分(fen)用(yong)戶(hu)類別的資(zi)產(chan)費用(yong)尚未(wei)實(shi)現(xian)精準匹配(pei)，不(bu)適應科(ke)學核(he)定電價(jia)、厘清交叉補貼的需(xu)要。地(di)方(fang)政府落實(shi)省級(ji)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃編制(zhi)主體責任不(bu)到位(wei)(wei)，導致規(gui)劃對(dui)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)投資(zi)的約(yue)束作(zuo)用(yong)難以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)發揮(hui);監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門對(dui)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業歷史成(cheng)本嚴(yan)格監(jian)(jian)審和(he)有(you)效(xiao)投資(zi)科(ke)學管(guan)(guan)控的專業能(neng)力(li)不(bu)足，影(ying)響和(he)制(zhi)約(yue)電價(jia)水平(ping)的科(ke)學合理核(he)定。現(xian)有(you)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)力(li)量(liang)、能(neng)力(li)和(he)手段(duan)的有(you)限(xian)，遠不(bu)能(neng)適應和(he)滿足以(yi)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)資(zi)產(chan)為基(ji)礎(chu)對(dui)輸(shu)配(pei)電收入、成(cheng)本和(he)價(jia)格進行全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)(wei)直接監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的需(xu)要。

輸配電價改革紅利釋放還有很大空間

只(zhi)有參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)行(xing)政府核定(ding)(ding)(ding)的輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)繼續執(zhi)行(xing)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)目錄(lu)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)。如(ru)果(guo)把輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價核定(ding)(ding)(ding)比(bi)喻(yu)為(wei)一(yi)座房子(zi)，如(ru)今房子(zi)蓋好了(le)，只(zhi)有多住人才能有效(xiao)發(fa)揮房子(zi)功(gong)能。但根據中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯統計數據,2017年全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量占全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量比(bi)重（即銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量市(shi)場化率）為(wei)33.5%左(zuo)右，占全(quan)社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量比(bi)重25.9%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規模相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)小，市(shi)場尚未發(fa)揮出配(pei)置(zhi)資源的決定(ding)(ding)(ding)性作用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場尚未啟動運行(xing)，“無(wu)現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)、不市(shi)場”，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)價格(ge)功(gong)能無(wu)從談起，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)中(zhong)長期交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)缺(que)乏(fa)市(shi)場價格(ge)參考，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)程度上影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)中(zhong)長期市(shi)場化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)的開展(zhan)。

地方電網和增量配電網配電價格核定困難不小

地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網和(he)(he)增量配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網點多面(mian)廣，麻雀雖(sui)小卻五臟俱全(quan)，價(jia)格核(he)(he)定(ding)工作量大，還需考慮(lv)與已核(he)(he)定(ding)省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)銜(xian)接配(pei)(pei)合(he)問(wen)題，核(he)(he)定(ding)工作面(mian)臨諸多挑戰。由(you)地方政府(fu)主導配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格制定(ding)，出于(yu)各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)利(li)益考慮(lv)和(he)(he)目標偏好(hao)，《關于(yu)制定(ding)地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網和(he)(he)增量配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格的(de)(de)指導意見》有效落地、“照樣”執行(xing)問(wen)題值得(de)關注。既(ji)要保(bao)證用戶承擔的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格與上一級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)之和(he)(he)不高于(yu)其直接接入相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)(ji)對應的(de)(de)現(xian)行(xing)省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，又要保(bao)證增量配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目盈利(li)水(shui)平(ping)，價(jia)格核(he)(he)定(ding)空間有限。要求配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)按(an)照相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)標準承擔政策性交叉補貼，但(dan)交叉補貼水(shui)平(ping)尚未厘清且由(you)與增量配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)有競爭關系的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)測算申報，由(you)此產(chan)生的(de)(de)矛盾需巧(qiao)妙調和(he)(he)。

三、輸配電價改革下一步措施建議

完善輸配電價核定調整機制

總結(jie)首輪(lun)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)成本(ben)(ben)監(jian)(jian)審(shen)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核定實踐，以及通過(guo)首個監(jian)(jian)管(guan)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)實踐，對成本(ben)(ben)監(jian)(jian)審(shen)和各層級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)定價(jia)制(zhi)度(du)(du)進行完(wan)善(shan)(shan)，將經過(guo)實踐檢(jian)驗的(de)(de)成功做法固化下來并(bing)公之于眾，進一步增強定價(jia)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)系統(tong)性、全面(mian)性和操作性，用于科學指(zhi)導(dao)下一個監(jian)(jian)管(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核定工作，并(bing)待現行定價(jia)制(zhi)度(du)(du)有(you)效期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束后修改完(wan)善(shan)(shan)時再一并(bing)納入相關內(nei)容。需要注意完(wan)善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)內(nei)容包(bao)括但不限于：在(zai)(zai)省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核定方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，明確基本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)計算方(fang)(fang)法；在(zai)(zai)省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)調整(zheng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業各年準許收入和輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)平滑處理機(ji)制(zhi)、投資定期(qi)(qi)校(xiao)核機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)規則；在(zai)(zai)區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)價(jia)格調整(zheng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業內(nei)部東西部電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)準許收入平衡調整(zheng)規則并(bing)監(jian)(jian)督實施(shi)(shi)。

進一步豐富輸配電價形式

在(zai)(zai)首個監(jian)管周期內，發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場發(fa)現價(jia)(jia)(jia)格和(he)通過各(ge)種(zhong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格形式促進(jin)競(jing)爭(zheng)交易的功能，圍(wei)繞(rao)實(shi)現輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)在(zai)(zai)各(ge)類用(yong)戶間更加公平合理分擔，探(tan)索(suo)(suo)多(duo)種(zhong)輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形式，進(jin)一(yi)步反映各(ge)類用(yong)戶的真實(shi)輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)。探(tan)索(suo)(suo)根據用(yong)戶選擇權(quan)放開情況(kuang)，將分用(yong)戶類別輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)擴大(da)到居民(min)和(he)農業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。探(tan)索(suo)(suo)建(jian)立反映用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷特性(xing)、輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離、時間信(xin)號（季節和(he)峰(feng)谷分時）、位置(zhi)信(xin)號和(he)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻塞的輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形式。探(tan)索(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)有條件的地(di)區結合負(fu)荷率、峰(feng)谷時段(duan)等因素制(zhi)定輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)套餐，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶選擇執行。

妥善處理政策性交叉補貼

在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)改進分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)、分(fen)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)類別(bie)資產費用(yong)歸集核算，明(ming)(ming)晰分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、分(fen)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)類別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網成本(ben)的基礎上，摸清不同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)、不同(tong)(tong)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)類別(bie)之間的交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)數(shu)額，力爭在(zai)(zai)第二(er)個監管周期內實(shi)現居(ju)民、農業(ye)等享受的交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)以及工(gong)商業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)承(cheng)擔的交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)單列，增強(qiang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價獨立(li)性。在(zai)(zai)首個監管周期內，堅(jian)持交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)減量化(hua)(hua)與透(tou)明(ming)(ming)化(hua)(hua)同(tong)(tong)步，即使在(zai)(zai)沒有完全厘清交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的情況下，也可以通過提高居(ju)民電(dian)(dian)(dian)價水平、完善(shan)居(ju)民階梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)價、變工(gong)商業(ye)責任為政府責任、變暗補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為明(ming)(ming)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等方式，適當(dang)提高居(ju)民、農業(ye)等用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價格水平，分(fen)階段降低交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)。通過政府支農、扶貧、救濟資金(jin)(jin)等多渠(qu)道籌(chou)措交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)資金(jin)(jin)，探索(suo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)設立(li)交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)資金(jin)(jin)專戶(hu)(hu)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)代實(shi)施(shi)交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)明(ming)(ming)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)特(te)定用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費抵扣(kou)工(gong)作(zuo)。國家層(ceng)面要盡快研究(jiu)提出妥善(shan)處理交(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的政策措施(shi)和實(shi)施(shi)步驟。

加強對電網企業的激勵約束

鼓勵地方政府積(ji)極探索，因地因網(wang)制宜設計(ji)與電(dian)量增(zeng)長、負(fu)荷(he)增(zeng)長、供(gong)電(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)掛(gua)鉤的投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)約束機制和(he)(he)隨(sui)(sui)電(dian)網(wang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)實際利(li)用率(lv)、供(gong)電(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)、服務(wu)質(zhi)量上下(xia)浮動(dong)的準(zhun)許收益率(lv)調整機制，對(dui)有效投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)或投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的有效部分(fen)(fen)做出界定(ding)，對(dui)電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業服務(wu)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)電(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)等(deng)績效考核(he)標(biao)準(zhun)、辦法、流程、掛(gua)鉤兌(dui)現機制等(deng)進行(xing)明確(que)。隨(sui)(sui)著全國(guo)碳排放(fang)市場的推廣完善，同(tong)步將電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業線(xian)損率(lv)納(na)入(ru)碳排放(fang)權交易，按監管期內年度平均線(xian)損率(lv)折(zhe)算分(fen)(fen)配碳排放(fang)量配額，激(ji)勵電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業從輸配電(dian)價(jia)和(he)(he)碳市場獲取雙重收益。對(dui)電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業因加強管理、降低成本(ben)、提高效率(lv)、改進服務(wu)而(er)增(zeng)加的收益，允許在用于企(qi)業積(ji)累(lei)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)增(zeng)加職工收入(ru)之間合理分(fen)(fen)配，充分(fen)(fen)調動(dong)職工降本(ben)增(zeng)效提質(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)。

提升電網企業適應監管能力

落實(shi)《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)品成本(ben)(ben)(ben)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)制度——電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營(ying)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)》，規(gui)范電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營(ying)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)品成本(ben)(ben)(ben)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)，促進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)強內部管理，實(shi)現輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類精細核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)基礎上(shang)的真實(shi)、準(zhun)確(que)、透明，滿足國家輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)監審和價(jia)(jia)格核(he)(he)定(ding)需要。建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)戶類別精準(zhun)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)的激(ji)勵(li)約(yue)束機制，未在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)時間內實(shi)現精確(que)核(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)的按照不利于增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)準(zhun)許收入的原則進(jin)(jin)行(xing)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)攤或剔除。鼓勵(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過運用(yong)(yong)物聯網(wang)、大數據(ju)、云計(ji)算(suan)(suan)、人(ren)工智能等前沿(yan)技術提升(sheng)適應監管能力，加(jia)強所(suo)需各類表計(ji)、信息系(xi)統(tong)投資建(jian)設，所(suo)需資金通過輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)回(hui)收。在(zai)表計(ji)、信息系(xi)統(tong)暫不具備條件情況下，根據(ju)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)和客(ke)戶用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)際設計(ji)科學分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)攤辦法，采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量等作(zuo)為分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)攤因(yin)子，將輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)合理分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)攤至各電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級、各類別用(yong)(yong)戶。

加強政府推進改革能力建設

根(gen)據輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)革(ge)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設(she)需要，切實提(ti)升政府電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)三個核(he)心能力(li)(li)(li)。強(qiang)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)統(tong)籌規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)是此輪電(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)的(de)重點任務之(zhi)一，省(sheng)級(ji)政府要落(luo)實省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)主體責任，注意發揮(hui)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)咨詢(xun)機構(gou)(gou)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，在開展專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)深入研(yan)究基礎(chu)上做好規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)、評估與(yu)調整(zheng)，增強(qiang)省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)科學性、權威性、透明(ming)度和(he)公眾(zhong)參與(yu)度，實現規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中立，促進增量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)序放(fang)開和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投資有(you)效(xiao)約束。監(jian)(jian)管(guan)部門(men)要大力(li)(li)(li)培養電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)力(li)(li)(li)量，通(tong)過(guo)購買服(fu)務引入第三方專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)審和(he)咨詢(xun)機構(gou)(gou)，加強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)信息系統(tong)建設(she)應用(yong)(yong)，豐富非現場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)手段，提(ti)升現場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)能力(li)(li)(li)，持續改(gai)進科學監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)經濟技術(shu)措施(shi)，展現監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)、透明(ming)化(hua)和(he)權威性。發揮(hui)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)革(ge)專(zhuan)項工作(zuo)(zuo)組溝通(tong)協(xie)調作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，增強(qiang)能源、價(jia)(jia)格、國資、財政等部門(men)政策協(xie)同性，形成(cheng)推動(dong)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)頂層(ceng)合力(li)(li)(li)。

繼續擴大電力市場化交易規模

輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價改革已經(jing)到位，如同房子(zi)已經(jing)蓋好，下一步(bu)要堅持邊(bian)裝(zhuang)修、邊(bian)住人，爭取多(duo)住人、快(kuai)住人，最大(da)限度、最快(kuai)速度地(di)(di)發(fa)揮(hui)房屋功(gong)能(neng)。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，通過各種有(you)效方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，擴(kuo)大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)模和主體(ti)范圍，放(fang)大(da)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價改革成(cheng)效，更(geng)多(duo)釋放(fang)改革紅利(li)。用(yong)戶選擇權未(wei)放(fang)開(kai)前，擴(kuo)大(da)電(dian)網企業、售電(dian)公司代理(li)特定客(ke)戶群體(ti)開(kai)展市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)模。用(yong)經(jing)濟辦(ban)法、價格機(ji)制消解市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)壁壘，加(jia)強(qiang)中央協調和地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協商，進一步(bu)促進跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)，助力(li)“三棄”問題解決，促進電(dian)力(li)資源在更(geng)大(da)范圍優化(hua)(hua)(hua)配(pei)置。推(tui)動跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)與各地(di)(di)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)在規(gui)則、品(pin)種、時(shi)序等方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)銜(xian)接融(rong)合。積極(ji)推(tui)進電(dian)力(li)現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設，盡快(kuai)啟動試運行(xing)。另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，在市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中積極(ji)響應市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)訴求，鼓勵各地(di)(di)積極(ji)探(tan)索試點，分析發(fa)現時(shi)間(jian)、位置、距(ju)離、負荷特性等因素(su)對輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)真實成(cheng)本的影響。

科學核定地方電網和增量配電網配電價格

按照《關(guan)于制(zhi)定地方電(dian)網和增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導意(yi)見》，省(sheng)級(ji)價(jia)格(ge)主(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)應抓緊研究確定適(shi)合本(ben)地的(de)(de)具體定價(jia)方法(fa)(fa)并(bing)向(xiang)社(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)開(kai)，主(zhu)動接(jie)受(shou)社(she)(she)會(hui)監督(du)，及時(shi)開(kai)展成(cheng)熟增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)項目(mu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)核(he)(he)定試(shi)點，總(zong)結核(he)(he)價(jia)經驗教訓(xun)，不斷完善核(he)(he)價(jia)辦法(fa)(fa)，促進增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)業(ye)務放開(kai)。堅持交(jiao)叉補貼(tie)邊厘清(qing)、邊減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，在未厘清(qing)前電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)測算(suan)申(shen)報的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉補貼(tie)要向(xiang)社(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)開(kai)測算(suan)依據、接(jie)受(shou)社(she)(she)會(hui)監督(du)，在確定增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)需承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉補貼(tie)標(biao)準(zhun)前，可(ke)舉(ju)行(xing)有增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)、電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)、政(zheng)府部門(men)和專業(ye)咨詢機構等參加(jia)的(de)(de)聽證、座談或質詢，確保增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉補貼(tie)水平適(shi)當合理、公(gong)平透明。經過一段時(shi)間實踐(jian)檢驗后，廣泛征(zheng)求相(xiang)關(guan)各(ge)方意(yi)見，適(shi)時(shi)修改(gai)完善《關(guan)于制(zhi)定地方電(dian)網和增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導意(yi)見》，增(zeng)(zeng)強指(zhi)(zhi)導意(yi)見的(de)(de)科學性、可(ke)執(zhi)行(xing)性。