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日前，國家發展改革委發布，《辦法》全文共分為11章、64條，就電力系統可靠性管理、發電可靠性管理、輸變電可靠性管理、供電可靠性管理、用戶可靠性管理等方面作出具體規定。《辦法》重點提出，積極穩妥推動發電側、電網側和用戶側儲能建設，合理確定建設規模，加強安全管理，推進源網荷儲一體化和多能互補。建立新型儲能建設需求發布機制，充分考慮系統各類靈活性調節資源的性能，允許各類儲能設施參與系統運行，增強電力系統的綜合調節能力。

電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性管理(li)(li)是(shi)指為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性水平而開(kai)展的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)活(huo)動。據悉，自1992年起，原能源部、原電(dian)力(li)工(gong)業(ye)部、原國(guo)家(jia)經貿委(wei)分別在(zai)不同時(shi)期出臺(tai)了電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性管理(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)若干(gan)規定和暫行辦法等規章。2005年底，電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性管理(li)(li)被納(na)入(ru)電(dian)力(li)監(jian)管體系(xi)。2007年4月，原國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)力(li)監(jian)管委(wei)員會(hui)頒布實施《電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性監(jian)督管理(li)(li)辦法》（國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)力(li)監(jian)管委(wei)員會(hui)令第(di)24號），成為(wei)(wei)全(quan)行業(ye)開(kai)展電(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性管理(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)根本依(yi)據。

隨著近年來(lai)我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工業(ye)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)巨大變化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改革全(quan)面提速，新能源(yuan)和(he)分(fen)布式(shi)能源(yuan)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)運行(xing)控制日(ri)趨(qu)復雜，為(wei)積極(ji)應對新形(xing)勢下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)安全(quan)穩定運行(xing)面臨的(de)(de)新挑戰與新要(yao)求，需要(yao)進一步(bu)完善我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)管理體系。由此我(wo)國開始了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)監督管理辦法(fa)》的(de)(de)修(xiu)訂(ding)工作。2021年1月，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委分(fen)管領(ling)導主持(chi)召(zhao)開專題會(hui)議，進行(xing)討論，并(bing)提出了有關(guan)修(xiu)訂(ding)要(yao)求和(he)思路；2021年8月，發(fa)(fa)布了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)管理辦法(fa)（暫行(xing)）（征求意(yi)見(jian)稿）》。與《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)監督管理辦法(fa)》比(bi)較，《辦法(fa)》增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)管理的(de)(de)內容(rong)(rong)，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安全(quan)的(de)(de)內容(rong)(rong)，明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)管理行(xing)政(zheng)處罰措施(shi)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)可靠性管(guan)理方面，《辦法》規定，電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)對電(dian)(dian)力供應(ying)及安全風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)預測(ce)，對運(yun)行(xing)數據(ju)(ju)開展監(jian)測(ce)分析并(bing)評(ping)估(gu)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)滿足電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)量需求的能力。在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定破壞事件、影(ying)響系(xi)統(tong)安全的非計(ji)劃停(ting)運(yun)事件和(he)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)事件發生時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)依據(ju)(ju)《電(dian)(dian)網調度管(guan)理條例》果(guo)斷快速處置；開展事后(hou)評(ping)價，對發現的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)閉環(huan)管(guan)控(kong)。電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)根據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)自然災(zai)害影(ying)響，制定風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)措施，完善輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)網絡結構。對發現的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)隱患(huan)按規定向政府有關(guan)(guan)部門和(he)相關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)力企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發出預警(jing)。

發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理是指為實(shi)現發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)及配(pei)套(tao)(tao)設備(bei)(bei)的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)目標而開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)的活(huo)動(dong)，包括(kuo)并網燃(ran)煤（燃(ran)氣(qi)）、水力、核能(neng)、風力、太陽(yang)能(neng)等發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)及配(pei)套(tao)(tao)設備(bei)(bei)的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理。對此，《辦法》提出(chu)，燃(ran)煤（燃(ran)氣(qi)）發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)應當(dang)(dang)對參(can)與(yu)深度(du)調(diao)峰(feng)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)評估，加強關鍵部(bu)件監測(ce)(ce)，確(que)保調(diao)峰(feng)安(an)全裕度(du)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力調(diao)度(du)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構應當(dang)(dang)優化(hua)調(diao)峰(feng)控(kong)制(zhi)策略，綜合考(kao)慮發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的安(an)全性(xing)和(he)經濟性(xing)。水電(dian)(dian)(dian)流域梯(ti)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)具備(bei)(bei)調(diao)節性(xing)能(neng)的水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)應當(dang)(dang)建立水情自動(dong)測(ce)(ce)報系統(tong)，做好電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)水庫(ku)優化(hua)調(diao)度(du)，建立信息共享機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。核電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)應當(dang)(dang)對常規島和(he)配(pei)套(tao)(tao)設備(bei)(bei)（非核級設備(bei)(bei)）開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)設備(bei)(bei)分級、監測(ce)(ce)與(yu)診斷、健康(kang)管理、全壽(shou)命周期(qi)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理、動(dong)態風險評價等工作。

在(zai)輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)可(ke)靠性管理(li)方面，《辦法(fa)》強(qiang)調，電(dian)力(li)企業應當合理(li)安排(pai)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站站址和(he)線(xian)(xian)路路徑，科學選(xuan)(xuan)擇主接線(xian)(xian)和(he)站間聯絡方式，增加(jia)系(xi)統運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)的安全裕度。電(dian)力(li)企業應當加(jia)強(qiang)線(xian)(xian)路帶電(dian)作(zuo)業、無人機巡檢(jian)、設(she)(she)備(bei)狀態監(jian)測等先進技(ji)術(shu)應用，優(you)化輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)運(yun)(yun)(yun)維(wei)(wei)檢(jian)修(xiu)模式。鼓勵電(dian)力(li)企業基(ji)于可(ke)靠性數據(ju)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)選(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)和(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護工作(zuo)，建立核心組(zu)部件溯源(yuan)管理(li)機制(zhi)，優(you)先選(xuan)(xuan)用高可(ke)靠性的輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)，鼓勵開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)狀態檢(jian)修(xiu)，提高設(she)(she)備(bei)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)可(ke)靠性。

在供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性管理(li)(li)方面，《辦法》提出，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)加強(qiang)(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)(jian)設，合理(li)(li)設置(zhi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、配(pei)變(bian)布點，合理(li)(li)選擇配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網接線方式，保障供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力。供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)強(qiang)(qiang)化設備的監測和(he)(he)分(fen)析，加強(qiang)(qiang)巡視和(he)(he)維(wei)護，及時消除設備缺(que)陷和(he)(he)隱患(huan)。供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)開展綜合停電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網故障快速搶修復電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)(li)，推廣(guang)不停電(dian)(dian)(dian)作業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自動(dong)化等技(ji)術，減少停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間、次(ci)數和(he)(he)影響(xiang)范圍。地方政府能(neng)源管理(li)(li)部(bu)門應(ying)當(dang)將供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性指標(biao)納入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)規劃(hua)，并與城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)設總(zong)體規劃(hua)銜接。

用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可靠性管理是(shi)指為保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可靠性目標，減(jian)少對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網安全和(he)其(qi)他(ta)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)造成影響，對(dui)(dui)其(qi)產權內(nei)的(de)配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)活動。對(dui)(dui)此，《辦法》提出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當根據國家有關規(gui)定(ding)和(he)標準開(kai)展(zhan)配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)與(yu)運(yun)行維護，消除(chu)設(she)(she)備(bei)隱患，預防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)事故，防(fang)止對(dui)(dui)公用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網造成影響。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)配(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)危及系(xi)統安全時，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當立即檢修或(huo)者(zhe)停用(yong)(yong)。因用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)原因導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企業無法向其(qi)他(ta)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)造成其(qi)他(ta)嚴(yan)重后果的(de)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當承擔(dan)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)責(ze)任。重要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當按規(gui)定(ding)配(pei)(pei)置自(zi)備(bei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，加強運(yun)行維護，容量應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當達到保(bao)安負(fu)荷的(de)120%。地方政府(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)運(yun)行管理部門應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當確定(ding)重要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)名單，對(dui)(dui)重要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)自(zi)備(bei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源配(pei)(pei)置和(he)使用(yong)(yong)情況進行監督(du)管理。國家能源局派出機構對(dui)(dui)重要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源配(pei)(pei)置情況進行監督(du)管理。

此外，《辦法》還就網絡(luo)安全、信息管(guan)理、監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理以及(ji)獎懲措施等(deng)方面(mian)作出(chu)具體規(gui)定。