无码日韩精品一区二区免费暖暖,久久精品国产精品亚洲,开心播播网,女人床技48动态图,国产精品无码免费专区午夜

新型電力系統的顯著特征是新能源在電源結構中占據主導地位，而新能源具有隨機性、波動性、間歇性特點，導致系統調節資源需求大，系統大范圍和長周期電力電量平衡難度顯著加大，對電網安全構成嚴重威脅。與傳統電力系統相比，新型電力系統在持續可靠供電、電網安全穩定和生產經營等方面將面臨重大挑戰。儲能作為電網一種優質的靈活性調節資源，同時具有電源和負荷的雙重屬性，可以解決新能源出力快速波動問題，提供必要的系統慣量支撐，提高系統的可控性和靈活性。在新型電力系統下，儲能是支撐高比例可再生能源接入和消納的關鍵技術手段，在提升電力系統靈活性和保障電網安全穩定等方面具有獨特優勢。

一、儲能在新型電力系統中的定位

新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)賦予(yu)了儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)更為(wei)重要的戰(zhan)略地位，使“源-網(wang)-荷-儲”成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)中(zhong)不可或(huo)缺(que)的要素。建設以新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源為(wei)主體(ti)的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)，關鍵(jian)是提高系統(tong)靈活調節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，平抑(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的短時(shi)波動，提高較長時(shi)段的系統(tong)平衡(heng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)可進行大規模(mo)容量(liang)充(chong)放電，能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效地滿(man)足(zu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源大規模(mo)接入和用(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)式升級帶來的系統(tong)平衡(heng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)需(xu)求(qiu)，支撐(cheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)長時(shi)間尺度電力(li)(li)電量(liang)供需(xu)平衡(heng)，提高電力(li)(li)系統(tong)的安全性。目前，儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)已在電力(li)(li)系統(tong)的發、輸、配、用(yong)(yong)等各個環節(jie)均發揮重要作用(yong)(yong)，具有廣泛的應用(yong)(yong)前景。

隨著(zhu)我國“雙(shuang)碳”目(mu)標的(de)提出以(yi)及構建(jian)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統目(mu)標的(de)確(que)立，儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)整個電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)戰略地位(wei)和重要作用正(zheng)在(zai)得到(dao)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)彰(zhang)顯(xian)。南方電(dian)(dian)網公司在(zai)“十四五”電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發展規(gui)劃提出，到(dao)2030年，電(dian)(dian)網具備支撐新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)再新(xin)增裝(zhuang)機(ji)1億千瓦以(yi)上(shang)的(de)接入(ru)消(xiao)納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，推動(dong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)成為南方區域第(di)一(yi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，非化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占比達(da)到(dao)65%以(yi)上(shang)。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)的(de)大(da)規(gui)模快速(su)提升，以(yi)及新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構變化(hua)，將使得儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)剛需屬(shu)性愈發增強。隨著(zhu)各(ge)省市新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配置儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)政策(ce)相繼落地，儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)逐(zhu)漸(jian)成為新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)標配或必配。這些政策(ce)在(zai)推進(jin)建(jian)設清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)機(ji)制、全(quan)面(mian)提升電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和著(zhu)力(li)(li)推動(dong)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納模式創新(xin)的(de)同時(shi)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)鼓(gu)勵推動(dong)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)設和參(can)與，加快系(xi)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構優化(hua)，推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用效率提升。可見，儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)已成為未來建(jian)設新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)關鍵支撐手段。

二、儲能向多元化方向發展

儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是未來(lai)新(xin)型電力系統(tong)的(de)(de)重要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技術(shu)，目(mu)前已開展(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu)及應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)類型眾多(duo)(duo)，其技術(shu)特點及適(shi)用(yong)(yong)場景各(ge)異(yi)。按(an)照(zhao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)方式(shi)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)主要分為電化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（如(ru)鉛(qian)酸電池、鋰(li)電池等）、電磁儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（如(ru)超(chao)導電磁儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、超(chao)級電容等）、物理(li)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（如(ru)抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪(lun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等）、熱儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（如(ru)顯熱儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、潛(qian)熱儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)）等。目(mu)前全球發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)成(cheng)熟、裝機規(gui)模最(zui)大的(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)緊隨其后。同時，以氫儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)熱/冷技術(shu)、電磁儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)飛輪(lun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等為代表(biao)的(de)(de)新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)也在(zai)不(bu)斷進步。未來(lai)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)材料將(jiang)朝(chao)著低成(cheng)本、高(gao)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)密(mi)度、高(gao)循(xun)環穩定性(xing)、長周期(qi)存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)趨勢發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)；儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝備將(jiang)從關(guan)注單(dan)體設備效率、成(cheng)本，轉向滿足差異(yi)性(xing)需求的(de)(de)高(gao)品質(zhi)供(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)用(yong)(yong)協調方向；規(gui)模化(hua)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)將(jiang)從單(dan)純供(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉向兼顧電網輔助服(fu)務和(he)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源服(fu)務的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

隨著國家相(xiang)關政策的出臺(tai)和體制機制的不斷(duan)完(wan)善，儲(chu)能(neng)產(chan)業也已呈(cheng)現(xian)出多元(yuan)化、快速發展的良好態勢，并在(zai)商(shang)業化模式中展現(xian)更大應用(yong)價值。南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)網公司通過(guo)試驗示(shi)范(fan)和實際運行(xing)進一步(bu)推動(dong)儲(chu)能(neng)技術進步(bu)，并使其(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統削峰填谷、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)補償、頻(pin)率調節、電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)治理等方面發揮(hui)更大作(zuo)用(yong)，不斷(duan)滿(man)足新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統安全穩定可(ke)靠(kao)需(xu)求。

三、儲能面臨的挑戰與應對建議

我國“雙(shuang)碳”目(mu)標的(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu)將(jiang)加快推(tui)動(dong)可再生(sheng)能源實現跨越式(shi)發(fa)展，同時對(dui)儲(chu)能也給予了更高(gao)的(de)(de)預期。面對(dui)建設(she)新型電力系統的(de)(de)迫切(qie)需求，儲(chu)能發(fa)展所面臨的(de)(de)挑戰與機遇并(bing)存。

挑戰一：儲(chu)(chu)能參(can)與電力市(shi)場(chang)的身份(fen)不明(ming)確。目前國家尚(shang)無對儲(chu)(chu)能設施(shi)從事電力業務的具體規定，在實際工作中造成既要支(zhi)持儲(chu)(chu)能發展又無章可循的兩難境(jing)地(di)。儲(chu)(chu)能的市(shi)場(chang)地(di)位不明(ming)確，直(zhi)接導致其(qi)在市(shi)場(chang)準入、計量(liang)、結算等方(fang)面衍生出諸多問題，影響(xiang)了行業的快速發展。

挑戰(zhan)二(er)：儲能(neng)項目建設(she)(she)缺乏必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)標準規(gui)范(fan)。儲能(neng)在電源側(ce)、電網側(ce)和用戶側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)應用場景不同，對(dui)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模、技術(shu)、性能(neng)要求差異性較大(da)。儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)政策、法規(gui)和準則(ze)與(yu)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)深度融合還欠缺完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)頂層設(she)(she)計，在建設(she)(she)運行(xing)當中尚缺乏體系化設(she)(she)計，導致(zhi)安全隱患較大(da)。

挑戰三：儲(chu)能參與電力(li)市(shi)場的機(ji)制(zhi)尚不完善。盡(jin)管(guan)儲(chu)能設備、運行成(cheng)本不斷下降(jiang)，為儲(chu)能靠自身經濟性參與市(shi)場競爭創(chuang)造(zao)了條件，但目前電力(li)市(shi)場中的調度、交(jiao)易(yi)、結算等機(ji)制(zhi)還難以與儲(chu)能應(ying)用全面匹配(pei)，儲(chu)能在建設新(xin)型電力(li)系統中的作用也沒(mei)有被充分認(ren)識。

盡(jin)管儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程面臨(lin)的(de)(de)挑戰不少，但國家發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革委、國家能(neng)源局《關(guan)于加(jia)快推動(dong)新型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)指(zhi)導意見(jian)》的(de)(de)發(fa)布，為儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)從(cong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)化初期向規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)定下(xia)基調，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)將獲得良好(hao)機(ji)遇。

應對一：提升儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)服(fu)務(wu)新型電(dian)力系統能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。隨著(zhu)電(dian)力市場化改革(ge)深(shen)入(ru)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展獲得了政策空(kong)間，也獲得了參與市場的(de)入(ru)場券(quan)。南方電(dian)網公(gong)司將依托(tuo)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)業(ye)務(wu)提升新型電(dian)力系統服(fu)務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，研究(jiu)組建服(fu)務(wu)新型電(dian)力系統建設的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)業(ye)務(wu)機構，充(chong)實完善(shan)新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相關業(ye)務(wu)。

應對二：制定完善新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)系列標準。“十四(si)五(wu)”期間儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)發展提速，南(nan)方電(dian)網公(gong)司將加快編制南(nan)方區域新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)規劃，推動按照新(xin)增新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的20%配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)，明確各地區規模及項目布局，“十四(si)五(wu)”和(he)“十五(wu)五(wu)”期間分別投產(chan)2000萬(wan)千瓦(wa)新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

應(ying)對三：深化儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)力輔助服務市(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設。容(rong)量電(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制為儲能(neng)(neng)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)提供了可能(neng)(neng)，南方電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)將通過深化電(dian)(dian)力輔助服務市(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設，完善調(diao)頻、調(diao)峰、備(bei)用等市(shi)場(chang)品種(zhong)，制定(ding)適應(ying)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)、新(xin)型儲能(neng)(neng)等新(xin)興市(shi)場(chang)主體參(can)與的交易機(ji)制，有效疏導系(xi)統，調(diao)節資源(yuan)成本。

四、結語

隨著儲(chu)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不斷進(jin)(jin)步(bu)、商業化模式(shi)日(ri)趨成熟以及(ji)市場機制逐步(bu)完善，儲(chu)能(neng)行業必將得到空前(qian)規模化發展。南方電網公司(si)將牢牢把握構建新型(xing)電力系統的重大機遇，推動儲(chu)能(neng)業務發展和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)，助力國家碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和(he)目標順利實現(xian)。

注：作者陳衛東，供職于南方電網廣西電力科學研究院。