无码日韩精品一区二区免费暖暖,久久精品国产精品亚洲,开心播播网,女人床技48动态图,国产精品无码免费专区午夜

“雙碳”目標的(de)(de)確立為新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)按下了(le)加速鍵。2020年12月，我國(guo)在(zai)氣(qi)候雄心峰會(hui)上宣布，到2030年，風電(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)總(zong)裝機容量將(jiang)達(da)到12億千瓦以(yi)上。然而，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源具有(you)隨機性和波動(dong)性，未來(lai)(lai)大規(gui)模、高比例新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源并網將(jiang)對電(dian)力系統(tong)規(gui)劃(hua)、運行帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)更大挑戰。儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為優質(zhi)的(de)(de)靈活調節資(zi)源，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)不同時間尺(chi)度提(ti)供多種價值的(de)(de)服務，必(bi)然伴(ban)隨著新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)同步發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。當前，電(dian)力系統(tong)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)已頗具規(gui)模，應(ying)用領域(yu)不斷(duan)擴展(zhan)(zhan)，成為電(dian)力系統(tong)規(gui)劃(hua)、運行不可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)元(yuan)素(su)，相關(guan)的(de)(de)示范應(ying)用、價格機制、參(can)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)力市場等應(ying)用和研究不斷(duan)深入。隨著儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，與(yu)(yu)其相關(guan)的(de)(de)基礎性、原則(ze)性、角色定位等問(wen)題還有(you)待明確。

儲能大規模應用的基礎性問題

一是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)基(ji)本概念需要(yao)明(ming)確。儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類龐雜，國(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)工委員會(hui)（IEC）對儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)定義(yi)為(wei)：通過設備或者物理(li)介質，將(jiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)起來(lai)，并(bing)在需要(yao)時釋放(fang)出(chu)(chu)來(lai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)屬于二(er)次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，國(guo)內(nei)外尚(shang)未對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做出(chu)(chu)明(ming)確的(de)(de)定義(yi)，從(cong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)上(shang)看(kan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可以(yi)定義(yi)為(wei)：通過一種(zhong)介質或者設備，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)起來(lai)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統需要(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量或功率支撐時，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式釋放(fang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統的(de)(de)循環(huan)過程。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)基(ji)本特征應該是雙(shuang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)，基(ji)本形(xing)(xing)式為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)形(xing)(xing)式可以(yi)多樣化，通常所(suo)說的(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)熱(re)、儲(chu)(chu)氫、蓄冷等最終以(yi)熱(re)、氫、冷形(xing)(xing)式釋放(fang)更適合歸為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)負荷(he)。

二是電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的單(dan)(dan)位(wei)表述應(ying)更加準確。傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設施(shi)的裝機(ji)容(rong)量通常以功(gong)率來表征，如瓦(wa)、千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。然而(er)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)常規電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設施(shi)不(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)僅具有電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)屬性還(huan)具有能(neng)(neng)量屬性，二者不(bu)可分離(li)，缺(que)失任何一(yi)個參數都不(bu)能(neng)(neng)準確表達儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的基(ji)本性能(neng)(neng)。目前，對儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的描述比(bi)較混亂，如諸多資料將(jiang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)容(rong)量描述為千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)或者兆瓦(wa)時(shi)等(deng)能(neng)(neng)量單(dan)(dan)位(wei)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)裝機(ji)容(rong)量定義(yi)相反。因(yin)此(ci)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)無論從(cong)裝機(ji)、規模、還(huan)是容(rong)量上看都應(ying)該同(tong)時(shi)標稱電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)和能(neng)(neng)量兩個參數。

三是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)力系統儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)用領域的合理(li)劃分有利(li)于(yu)分類施(shi)策。儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)用領域廣闊，涵蓋了電(dian)(dian)力系統發(fa)輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)用各個(ge)環節(jie)，從功能(neng)(neng)(neng)特征來看，包(bao)括調峰、調頻(pin)、備用、延緩輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)改造等；從應(ying)用場景(jing)來看，包(bao)括新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源并網(wang)(wang)、輔助服務(wu)、火電(dian)(dian)機組配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、戶(hu)用儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等。在美國(guo)，一般(ban)采用表(biao)前(qian)(qian)（Front of the Meter，FTM）和表(biao)后（Behind the Meter，BTM）對(dui)(dui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行區(qu)分，美國(guo)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)協(xie)會定義表(biao)前(qian)(qian)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)連接(jie)到輸配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)或發(fa)電(dian)(dian)資產(chan)，可獨立(li)參加批發(fa)市場；表(biao)后主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在商業、工業或居(ju)民(min)用戶(hu)表(biao)計(ji)之后，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)參與零(ling)售(shou)交易。從我(wo)國(guo)當前(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)力管(guan)理(li)體(ti)制出發(fa)，按電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)、用戶(hu)側(ce)分類相對(dui)(dui)清晰，其中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)各類電(dian)(dian)源表(biao)計(ji)之前(qian)(qian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)接(jie)入(ru)公用電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，用戶(hu)側(ce)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)用戶(hu)表(biao)計(ji)之后配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。合理(li)劃分儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有利(li)于(yu)分類施(shi)策、分類管(guan)理(li)。

四(si)是電(dian)力系統儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)(shen)份(fen)和屬性宜(yi)明(ming)確認定。儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)具有充電(dian)、放電(dian)特(te)性，具有電(dian)源(yuan)和負(fu)(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)(zhong)屬性，對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)身(shen)(shen)份(fen)和屬性的(de)(de)(de)認定直接關(guan)(guan)系到儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)應用。如2017年，英國發(fa)布(bu)“英國智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)靈活能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系統發(fa)展戰(zhan)略”對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)進行(xing)了明(ming)確定義，將儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)市場身(shen)(shen)份(fen)由(you)此前(qian)歸屬的(de)(de)(de)終端負(fu)(fu)荷改(gai)為發(fa)電(dian)資源(yuan)，由(you)此結束了對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)和放電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)(zhong)收(shou)費。目前(qian)，電(dian)源(yuan)側、用戶側儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)身(shen)(shen)份(fen)界定相(xiang)對(dui)明(ming)確，對(dui)于接入公用電(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，其電(dian)源(yuan)、負(fu)(fu)荷屬性尚(shang)需明(ming)確，這直接關(guan)(guan)系到該類(lei)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)應當履行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)責任、并網管理(li)、調(diao)度運行(xing)以及電(dian)價政策(ce)等，具體作為單一身(shen)(shen)份(fen)或者雙(shuang)重(zhong)(zhong)身(shen)(shen)份(fen)可根(gen)據管理(li)要(yao)求(qiu)加以確定。

高比例新能源電力系統中儲能的應用

從規劃方面看(kan)，保障(zhang)高(gao)比(bi)例新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)力可(ke)靠(kao)供應和安全穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)宜按各類靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)、安全性(xing)(xing)、經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)排序，合(he)理制定(ding)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)發展規模。儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)雖然可(ke)以廣(guang)泛應用于電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)各個(ge)環節(jie)，但從功能(neng)和成本(ben)上(shang)看(kan)具有可(ke)替代性(xing)(xing)。靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：燃(ran)煤機(ji)組、燃(ran)氣機(ji)組、抽水蓄能(neng)、電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)、電(dian)網輸電(dian)通道、需(xu)(xu)方響應資源(yuan)(yuan)等。當(dang)前，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)成本(ben)仍然不具備競爭力。在進行(xing)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)規劃時，應與(yu)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)協調發展，優先挖掘(jue)存量靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)潛力，加(jia)快(kuai)推動火電(dian)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)改造(zao)、需(xu)(xu)求側響應、通道靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活運行(xing)等見效快(kuai)、成本(ben)低、影響范圍廣(guang)的(de)措施，在現(xian)有靈(ling)(ling)(ling)活性(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)不能(neng)滿(man)足系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行(xing)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)時可(ke)新增電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)等，實現(xian)規模、結構(gou)和布局的(de)綜合(he)優化(hua)(hua)。

從調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)運行方面看，接入公用(yong)(yong)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)應(ying)參考(kao)(kao)傳(chuan)統(tong)發電(dian)機(ji)組實(shi)行“統(tong)一調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)管理(li)”。在按照儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝機(ji)規模(mo)進行分(fen)(fen)級(ji)管理(li)、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)的(de)基礎上，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)場(chang)景、分(fen)(fen)目標實(shi)行儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)優先(xian)(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)。考(kao)(kao)慮電(dian)網(wang)整體運行效(xiao)率及局部調(diao)(diao)(diao)節需求，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)保障局部尖(jian)峰(feng)供(gong)電(dian)、緩解線(xian)路設備過載(zai)、保障配電(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)等(deng)功能(neng)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)由地調(diao)(diao)(diao)（縣調(diao)(diao)(diao)）優先(xian)(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)；用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)系統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)頻、調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)以及電(dian)網(wang)暫態控制的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)由省調(diao)(diao)(diao)優先(xian)(xian)控制；用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)、保障直流輸(shu)電(dian)等(deng)功能(neng)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)可(ke)由網(wang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)優先(xian)(xian)控制。

從電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設方面看，秉持(chi)技術中(zhong)立，建(jian)(jian)立公平的(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)參與(yu)電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)準入(ru)規則。對于能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠通過(guo)(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)盈利的(de)應用(yong)領域，應建(jian)(jian)立和完(wan)善(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，確立儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體地位，給(gei)予儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)其他主體同(tong)臺競爭的(de)公平環境。市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設也(ye)并非一蹴而就(jiu)，如2018年美國聯邦能(neng)(neng)(neng)源管理委員會（FERC）發布841號(hao)(hao)法令，目的(de)是消除儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)入(ru)容(rong)量、能(neng)(neng)(neng)量和輔(fu)助(zhu)服務市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)障礙，法令發布后遭到了全美公用(yong)事業監管委員協會（NARUC）、愛迪生電力(li)研(yan)究所等機(ji)構上(shang)訴，經(jing)過(guo)(guo)兩年多的(de)時(shi)間才得(de)以通過(guo)(guo)。英國從2016年開始允(yun)許包(bao)括電化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在內的(de)新興儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)參與(yu)容(rong)量市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競拍(pai)，經(jing)過(guo)(guo)兩輪拍(pai)賣后，由于市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)歧視(shi)問題，歐(ou)洲法院裁定暫停英國容(rong)量市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競拍(pai)。不過(guo)(guo)，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)趨勢是不變(bian)的(de)。2020年10月，FERC發布2222號(hao)(hao)法令，允(yun)許分布式光伏(fu)、用(yong)戶側儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電動(dong)汽車(che)和智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電器等各類(lei)分布式資源進(jin)入(ru)批發市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。我國中(zhong)長期電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、部分現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、調(diao)(diao)頻輔(fu)助(zhu)服務市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、絕(jue)大數調(diao)(diao)峰輔(fu)助(zhu)服務市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)均將儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)納入(ru)交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)成員。

從安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)方(fang)面看，高度重視儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)消(xiao)防安全(quan)(quan)，將(jiang)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)設備列為特定(ding)消(xiao)防對(dui)(dui)象。全(quan)(quan)球儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)火(huo)(huo)災事(shi)(shi)故(gu)統計顯示，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯缺陷以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)不可靠(kao)是導致(zhi)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老(lao)化(hua)、環境變化(hua)，以(yi)鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為代表的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統發(fa)生火(huo)(huo)災的(de)(de)(de)風險一直存(cun)在并可能(neng)(neng)持續提升。一方(fang)面，制定(ding)并實施嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準和(he)(he)檢測(ce)規范可大大降(jiang)低火(huo)(huo)災事(shi)(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生概率，如美國(guo)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統和(he)(he)設備的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準UL9540，以(yi)及評價儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統熱失控擴散(san)危(wei)險性(xing)和(he)(he)消(xiao)防措施有效性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)大規模火(huo)(huo)燒測(ce)試標(biao)準UL9540A等，對(dui)(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)安裝(zhuang)參(can)數(shu)、間距、通(tong)風、產生的(de)(de)(de)熱量和(he)(he)氣體等方(fang)面進行了規范。另一方(fang)面，構(gou)建電(dian)(dian)(dian)力儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體系，將(jiang)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)設備劃定(ding)為特定(ding)消(xiao)防對(dui)(dui)象，制定(ding)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)滅火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準操作程序(xu)等。

新能源配置儲能的發展趨勢

自2020年(nian)開(kai)始，河南(nan)、內(nei)蒙(meng)古、遼(liao)寧(ning)、湖南(nan)等省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)均提(ti)出(chu)了(le)優(you)先支(zhi)持(chi)配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目。隨著(zhu)國(guo)家(jia)“碳達峰、碳中和”目標的(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu)，各省(sheng)(sheng)加大(da)了(le)對新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)場站(zhan)配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力度，山東、海南(nan)、貴州、寧(ning)夏等省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)在2021年(nian)風電(dian)、光伏項目競爭性配(pei)置(zhi)辦法中明確要求(qiu)(qiu)配(pei)置(zhi)一定容量的(de)(de)儲能(neng)設施(shi)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆、廣西(xi)、江(jiang)西(xi)等省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)優(you)先支(zhi)持(chi)承諾配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)設施(shi)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)站(zhan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)。儲能(neng)伴隨新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展而發(fa)(fa)展，從最初的(de)(de)鼓勵配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)到當(dang)前的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)，隨著(zhu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)并網(wang)比例的(de)(de)提(ti)升，預計越來越多的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)將自發(fa)(fa)配(pei)置(zhi)儲能(neng)或購(gou)買儲能(neng)的(de)(de)相關服務(wu)。

一是(shi)配置(zhi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)可降低新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。近年來，隨著新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源接入(ru)電(dian)網的(de)比例提升(sheng)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)逐漸被(bei)關注。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)一般認為(wei)是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源接入(ru)后(hou)(hou)相較(jiao)于無新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)額外增加的(de)投資及(ji)運行(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，包括(kuo)備用電(dian)源配置(zhi)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、平衡成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、電(dian)網成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)等。初(chu)步研(yan)究顯示，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電(dian)量(liang)滲透率超(chao)過(guo)15%后(hou)(hou)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)進入(ru)快速增長(chang)臨界點。風電(dian)、光伏不再享(xiang)受中央財政補貼后(hou)(hou)，為(wei)提高上網競爭力，可通過(guo)配置(zhi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效提升(sheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)可調度性，降低系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。

二是配(pei)置儲能是新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)履(lv)行系統(tong)責(ze)任的(de)重要技術路(lu)徑。構建新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力系統(tong)，需要新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)承(cheng)擔作為主(zhu)力電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)系統(tong)責(ze)任，2019年修訂頒布的(de)《電(dian)力系統(tong)安全穩定標(biao)準》由電(dian)力行業(ye)標(biao)準升級為國(guo)家標(biao)準，提出(chu)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)場(chang)站應(ying)提高調(diao)節(jie)能力，必要時應(ying)配(pei)置燃氣電(dian)站、抽水蓄能電(dian)站、儲能電(dian)站等靈活調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)。部分省(sheng)份已經(jing)要求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)機組具(ju)備(bei)一次調(diao)頻等常規機組具(ju)備(bei)的(de)能力，電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)同質化是未來發展的(de)基本趨勢。新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置儲能可有效履(lv)行系統(tong)責(ze)任，減少考核，避免預(yu)留發電(dian)容量。

三是配置(zhi)(zhi)儲能(neng)(neng)可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)參(can)(can)與現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)場(chang)盈利(li)(li)(li)(li)水平。由于(yu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有(you)隨機(ji)性，難(nan)以實時(shi)跟隨現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)場(chang)價格(ge)波動調整發電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力(li)，實現(xian)利(li)(li)(li)(li)益最大(da)化。通過配置(zhi)(zhi)儲能(neng)(neng)可(ke)靈活參(can)(can)與市(shi)場(chang)并(bing)提(ti)升履(lv)約能(neng)(neng)力(li)，在現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)價格(ge)較(jiao)低(di)或者未能(neng)(neng)出清情況(kuang)下給(gei)儲能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)價格(ge)較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)獲得收益。如澳大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市(shi)場(chang)價格(ge)波動劇(ju)烈，限價范圍大(da)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)場(chang)站通常(chang)配置(zhi)(zhi)大(da)容量儲能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，如315兆(zhao)瓦的(de)Hornsdale風電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，2017年配置(zhi)(zhi)了100兆(zhao)瓦/129兆(zhao)瓦時(shi)的(de)特斯(si)拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，2019年，儲能(neng)(neng)擴展(zhan)到150兆(zhao)瓦/194兆(zhao)瓦時(shi)。儲能(neng)(neng)充分利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)了新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)邊際(ji)成本低(di)的(de)特點，在現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)價格(ge)較(jiao)低(di)時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)價格(ge)較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，極(ji)大(da)提(ti)升了新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)盈利(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

高(gao)比例新能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)儲(chu)能應用由成本、技(ji)術、市場、管理等(deng)多(duo)項因素綜合決(jue)定(ding)，是一個(ge)不斷探(tan)索(suo)、不斷調整、不斷豐富的(de)過程，契合電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)運行需求，找準功能定(ding)位，將在高(gao)比例新能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)中扮演(yan)越來越重要的(de)角(jiao)色。