2015年3月(yue)15日,《中共中央國務院關(guan)于進一步(bu)深(shen)化電(dian)力體制改(gai)革的若干意見》(中發(fa)〔2015〕9號文)印發(fa),新一輪電(dian)力體制改(gai)革隨即拉開。
該文件明確提出,“深化電力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)指導思想(xiang)和總體(ti)目標(biao)是:堅(jian)持社會主(zhu)(zhu)義市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟改革方向,從(cong)我國國情(qing)出發,堅(jian)持清潔、高效、安全(quan)、可持續發展,全(quan)面實施國家(jia)能源戰略(lve),加快(kuai)構(gou)建有效競爭的(de)市(shi)場(chang)結構(gou)和市(shi)場(chang)體(ti)系,形(xing)成(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要由市(shi)場(chang)決(jue)定能源價格的(de)機制(zhi)”。
5年(nian)過去了(le),電力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)改革持續推進,成效不斷(duan)顯現,而作為市場(chang)交(jiao)易變化(hua)也不可(ke)同(tong)日而語。
全國電力市場交易勢不可擋
2019年,全國全社會用電(dian)量累(lei)計72255.4億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),同比增(zeng)長4.5%。
根據(ju)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯《全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場交易(yi)(yi)(yi)信息》,2019年,全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場中(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合計(ji)為(wei)21771.4億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi),占(zhan)全社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)比重為(wei)30.1%。其中(zhong),省內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合計(ji)為(wei)20286.2億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi),省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易(yi)(yi)(yi)(外受(shou))電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合計(ji)為(wei)1485.2億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi),分別(bie)占(zhan)全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場中(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的93.2%和6.8%。
分區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)來看,國家電(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中長(chang)(chang)期電(dian)力(li)(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)16170.8億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全社(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)的比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)28.3%;南(nan)方電(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中長(chang)(chang)期電(dian)力(li)(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)4157.2億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全社(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)的比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)33.8%;蒙(meng)西電(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中長(chang)(chang)期電(dian)力(li)(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)易電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)1443.4億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全社(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)的比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)49.8%。
2019年,全(quan)國各電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中心(xin)組織開展的各類交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計為28344億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。省內中長期交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計為23016.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),其中電(dian)力(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)20286.2億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、發電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)2493.3億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、抽水蓄能交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)144.4億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、其他交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)92.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。省間(jian)(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(中長期和現貨(huo))電(dian)量(liang)合(he)計為5327.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),其中省間(jian)(jian)電(dian)力(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)1485.2億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、省間(jian)(jian)外送交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(網對點、網對網)3585.8億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、發電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)256.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。
分區域來(lai)看,國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區域各(ge)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)21690.7億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),其中(zhong)北京電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心組(zu)織完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)省間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(中(zhong)長期和現貨)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)4931.4億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi);南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區域各(ge)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)5019.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),其中(zhong)廣州電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心組(zu)織完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)省間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)326.4億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi);內蒙(meng)古(gu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)1634.2億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),其中(zhong)省間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)21.2億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。
2020年一季(ji)度(du),全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用電量累計15698億(yi)千瓦時,同比下降6.5%。其中(zhong),3月(yue)份全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用電量5493億(yi)千瓦時,同比下降4.2%。
一季度,全(quan)國各電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中心累計組織完成(cheng)市場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量4048.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。省內交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(僅中長(chang)期)合計為3321.9億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi),其(qi)中電(dian)(dian)力(li)直接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)3146.1億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)、發電(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)165.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)、其(qi)他交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)10.3億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。省間交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(中長(chang)期和現(xian)貨)合計為726.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi),其(qi)中省間電(dian)(dian)力(li)直接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)32億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)、省間外(wai)送交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(網(wang)對點、網(wang)對網(wang))682.2億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)、發電(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)12.6億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。
一(yi)季度,國家電(dian)(dian)網區(qu)域(yu)各電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)心累計(ji)組(zu)織完(wan)成市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)2637.7億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時,其(qi)中(zhong)北(bei)京電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)心組(zu)織完(wan)成省(sheng)間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合(he)計(ji)為(wei)704.7億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時;南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網區(qu)域(yu)各電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)心累計(ji)組(zu)織完(wan)成市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)993.1億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時,其(qi)中(zhong)廣州電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)心組(zu)織完(wan)成省(sheng)間(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合(he)計(ji)為(wei)15.8億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時;內(nei)蒙古電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)心累計(ji)組(zu)織完(wan)成市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)417.9億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時。
一季度,全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市場(chang)中(zhong)長期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計為(wei)(wei)3178.1億(yi)千瓦時,占全社會用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的為(wei)(wei)20.2%。其中(zhong),省內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計為(wei)(wei)3146.1億(yi)千瓦時,省間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(外受(shou))電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計為(wei)(wei)32億(yi)千瓦時,分別占全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市場(chang)中(zhong)長期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的99%和1%。
一季度,國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)1952.4億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重為(wei)15.6%;南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)851.9億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重為(wei)35.1%;蒙西電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)力直接(jie)交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)373.8億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時,占(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重為(wei)51%。
電力交易機構股改加速推進
2020年(nian)4月23日,北京產權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所披(pi)(pi)(pi)露了3家地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心增(zeng)(zeng)資項目,分別是陜西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心、西藏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心、青海電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心。4月22日、23日,上海聯合產權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所公開披(pi)(pi)(pi)露寧(ning)(ning)夏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心、內蒙古東部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心的增(zeng)(zeng)資項目。4月21日,北京產權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所披(pi)(pi)(pi)露安徽、新疆(jiang)、福(fu)建、冀北等4個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心股改(gai)增(zeng)(zeng)資。2020年(nian)初(chu),天津、江(jiang)蘇、湖(hu)南、山東、吉林、遼寧(ning)(ning)6個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心增(zeng)(zeng)資。至(zhi)此,今年(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司(si)經營區域已有15家省級交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心進行股改(gai),速度之(zhi)快超(chao)過(guo)預期。
作為電(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)重點,相對(dui)獨立、規范運行的(de)電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)是(shi)建立健全“主(zhu)體(ti)規范、交(jiao)易(yi)公(gong)平、價格合理”電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的(de)核心。未來(lai),若全社會用電(dian)量全部通(tong)過電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)中心運作,既是(shi)承擔(dan)幾(ji)萬億電(dian)量的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou),也(ye)是(shi)聯系各個(ge)市(shi)場主(zhu)體(ti)窗口,現有(you)利(li)益格局(ju)也(ye)必將(jiang)通(tong)過交(jiao)易(yi)中心重新劃分。
在原有國家電(dian)網(wang)公司(si)內設的30個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)級(ji)交易(yi)(yi)中心和(he)南方電(dian)網(wang)公司(si)內設2個(ge)(ge)交易(yi)(yi)中心的基(ji)礎上,2017年底,電(dian)力(li)市場化交易(yi)(yi)機構組建工作(zuo)基(ji)本完成(cheng),形成(cheng)北(bei)京、廣州2個(ge)(ge)區域級(ji)交易(yi)(yi)中心和(he)32個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)級(ji)交易(yi)(yi)中心。但(dan)是(shi)絕大部(bu)分的控制權仍(reng)掌握在電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)中。從中發(fa)〔2015〕9號文(wen)的配套文(wen)件《關于電(dian)力(li)交易(yi)(yi)機構組建和(he)規范運(yun)行的實(shi)施意見》對交易(yi)(yi)機構的描述為“相對獨(du)(du)立”來(lai)看,電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)獨(du)(du)資也(ye)沒有違(wei)反這一規定(ding),但(dan)由于各方看法不一而引起(qi)爭議,甚至對電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)發(fa)出了“既當裁判員又當運(yun)動(dong)員”的疑問,交易(yi)(yi)中心股(gu)份制改(gai)革(ge)的推進(jin)陷入僵局。
2018年9月,國家發(fa)展改(gai)(gai)革委(wei)、國家能(neng)源局發(fa)布《關于推進電(dian)力(li)交易(yi)(yi)機構規范化(hua)建設的(de)(de)通知》要求,非(fei)電(dian)網(wang)企業資本股比應不低于20%,鼓勵按照非(fei)電(dian)網(wang)企業資本占股50%左右(you)完(wan)善股權結構,并規定股份(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革改(gai)(gai)造工作于當年12月底完(wan)成(cheng)。然而,截至2019年底,34個(ge)電(dian)力(li)交易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)中(zhong),由電(dian)網(wang)企業獨資的(de)(de)仍占24個(ge),采用股份(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)為(wei)9個(ge)。其(qi)中(zhong),山西、湖北、重(zhong)慶等3家屬(shu)于國家電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司經營區(qu)域內,其(qi)余廣州、廣東、廣西、云南、貴(gui)州、海(hai)南等6家屬(shu)于南方電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司經營區(qu)域。在這已經完(wan)成(cheng)的(de)(de)9家混改(gai)(gai)交易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)中(zhong),除(chu)了(le)國家電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、南方電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司外,華(hua)能(neng)集(ji)團(tuan)和(he)華(hua)潤(run)集(ji)團(tuan)各自拿(na)到(dao)(dao)了(le)5家交易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)股份(fen),份(fen)額最大。民營企業沒有(you)拿(na)到(dao)(dao)任何(he)一家交易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)股份(fen)。
2019年(nian)12月31號,北京電(dian)力交易中(zhong)心(xin)增資(zi)協議簽約,引(yin)入10家(jia)投(tou)資(zi)主體(包括華能集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、大唐集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、華電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國家(jia)電(dian)投(tou)、三峽集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國家(jia)能源投(tou)資(zi)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、中(zhong)核股份(fen)、中(zhong)石化(hua)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國投(tou)電(dian)力、華潤電(dian)力),國網股權(quan)被稀釋至70%。
2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)3日(ri)(ri),《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)限公(gong)司關(guan)于印(yin)發(fa)(fa)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)攻(gong)堅重(zhong)點工作(zuo)安排的(de)通知》(國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)體改(gai)(gai)(gai)〔2020〕8號(hao)(hao))發(fa)(fa)布,明確指出(chu)要在(zai)更高層次跟大范(fan)圍實施混合所(suo)有(you)制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge),全面完成省級交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)股份制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge),建(jian)立交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)獨立規范(fan)運行的(de)新機(ji)(ji)制。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)18日(ri)(ri),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)源局印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于推進(jin)電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)獨立規范(fan)運行的(de)實施意見(jian)》(發(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)(gai)體改(gai)(gai)(gai)〔2020〕234號(hao)(hao)),要求2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian),北京、廣州兩家(jia)(jia)區(qu)域性交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和省(自治區(qu)、直轄市)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)中電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業持股比(bi)例全部(bu)降至(zhi)80%以下,2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業持股比(bi)例降至(zhi)50%以下。
電力交易中心股改能否保障交易公開公平公正?
電力(li)交(jiao)易中心的(de)股份制改(gai)革之所(suo)以受到越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)關(guan)注,跟電力(li)市(shi)場化改(gai)革的(de)推進息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)。2019年,全(quan)國各電力(li)交(jiao)易中心組(zu)織(zhi)完成市(shi)場交(jiao)易電量28344億千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi),同比增(zeng)長37.2%。其中,全(quan)國電力(li)市(shi)場電力(li)直接(jie)交(jiao)易電量合計為21771.4億千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi),占全(quan)社會(hui)用電量比重30.1%,已達三(san)分之一。
未來,全(quan)社會市場化交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量占比會隨著市場化交(jiao)易(yi)擴大、及經(jing)營性發電(dian)(dian)計劃的全(quan)面放開(kai)繼續(xu)快速增(zeng)加,電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)的獨立(li)規(gui)范運行將左右電(dian)(dian)力市場化改(gai)革的成敗(bai)。而現貨(huo)交(jiao)易(yi)更需要電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)機構的公開(kai)透明。
交(jiao)(jiao)易中心的(de)主(zhu)體多元化(hua)將直接促(cu)進(jin)電力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易的(de)公平性,盡管投資主(zhu)體的(de)收益空間尚不明確,但在交(jiao)(jiao)易中占取某種優勢(shi)是顯而易見。電力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易的(de)股改(gai)之路(lu)還將繼續,不管各方如何(he)角逐,獨(du)立規范的(de)電力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易機(ji)構是必(bi)然要達到的(de)終(zhong)點。