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國(guo)(guo)(guo)家能源局2018年(nian)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)力工(gong)業(ye)統計數據(ju)(ju)顯示，全國(guo)(guo)(guo)6000千瓦及以上(shang)電(dian)廠供(gong)電(dian)標準煤(mei)耗308克(ke)，線路(lu)損失率6.21%。全國(guo)(guo)(guo)發電(dian)企業(ye)平均綜合(he)廠用(yong)電(dian)率為5.52%（2017年(nian)數據(ju)(ju)）。即(ji)發電(dian)機組發出1度電(dian)，到達用(yong)戶約(yue)0.89度；用(yong)戶用(yong)1度電(dian)，總煤(mei)耗約(yue)345克(ke)（全按燃(ran)煤(mei)機組計算(suan)）。因此，節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)電(dian)不是(shi)一句口號，而(er)且要盡量用(yong)清潔電(dian)。

一度電里還有70%來自火電

到2018年(nian)底，全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)源總裝機容量189948萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)，全(quan)年(nian)全(quan)口(kou)徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量69940億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。從裝機容量看，火電(dian)(dian)114367萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)、水電(dian)(dian)35226萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)（抽(chou)水蓄能2999萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)）、風電(dian)(dian)18426萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)17463萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)、核電(dian)(dian)4466萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)。

從發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)看，火電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)49231億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，水電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)12329億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)3660億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1775億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，核電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2994億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。

從各省（市）發(fa)用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)看，電(dian)(dian)力資源分(fen)布(bu)與(yu)需求呈逆(ni)向分(fen)布(bu)特征明顯，2018年各省區外受電(dian)(dian)量(liang)總(zong)和8723億(yi)千瓦時，占當地(di)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)20.4%。廣東(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、山東(dong)(dong)省用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)位(wei)居前(qian)三，山東(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、內蒙(meng)古(gu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)位(wei)居前(qian)三，廣東(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)(jiang)省區外受電(dian)(dian)量(liang)位(wei)居前(qian)三，北(bei)京、上海、重慶區外受電(dian)(dian)占用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重位(wei)居前(qian)三。

幾種典(dian)型發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的電(dian)(dian)價(jia)及成(cheng)本，燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)機組、風電(dian)(dian)機組、光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組和(he)核電(dian)(dian)機組。

燃煤發電機組

我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源結構(gou)以(yi)(yi)燃煤(mei)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)主，今后相(xiang)當一(yi)段時間內(nei)還很難改變。正是因為(wei)燃煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的重要性，我(wo)國(guo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)一(yi)直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)燃煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)為(wei)主，歷經還本(ben)付息電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)、經營(ying)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，現為(wei)標桿電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)時期。

據網絡相(xiang)關報道，2019年(nian)9月26日(ri)，國務院常務會議決定(ding)完善燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形成機制(zhi)(zhi)，從(cong)明年(nian)1月1日(ri)1日(ri)起，取(qu)消煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)聯動機制(zhi)(zhi)，將(jiang)現(xian)行標桿上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)，改(gai)為“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)動”的市場化機制(zhi)(zhi)。基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)按(an)各地現(xian)行燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)確(que)(que)定(ding)，浮(fu)(fu)動范圍(wei)為上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)不超過10%、下浮(fu)(fu)原則上(shang)不超過15%，具體發電(dian)(dian)企業、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)公司、電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶等通過協商或競價(jia)(jia)確(que)(que)定(ding)，但(dan)明年(nian)暫不上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)，特別要確(que)(que)保一(yi)般工商業平均(jun)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)只(zhi)降不升。2018年(nian)燃煤(mei)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)分(fen)省脫硫標桿上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)如圖(tu)。

影響燃煤(mei)火電(dian)機組(zu)上網電(dian)價的(de)因(yin)素(su)主(zhu)要有煤(mei)價、工(gong)程造價、年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)利用小(xiao)時數、機組(zu)固定成本(ben)、長期貸款利率、折舊率等。其中：影響標桿上網電(dian)價水平的(de)三個主(zhu)要因(yin)素(su)，依次是(shi)煤(mei)價、工(gong)程造價、年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)利用小(xiao)時。不同(tong)時期、不同(tong)機組(zu)，燃料(liao)成本(ben)占發(fa)電(dian)成本(ben)50%-70%。

水力發電機組

水(shui)力(li)發電是水(shui)能利用的(de)一種重(zhong)要方式。水(shui)力(li)發電通常要修筑擋水(shui)壩，用以(yi)集中河(he)段的(de)落差，并(bing)形成水(shui)庫(ku)，水(shui)庫(ku)可以(yi)調節(jie)流(liu)量、攔蓄洪水(shui)。按(an)調節(jie)周期劃(hua)分，即按(an)水(shui)庫(ku)一次蓄泄循環的(de)時間(jian)來分，包括無(wu)調節(jie)、日調節(jie)、周調節(jie)、年(nian)調節(jie)和多年(nian)調節(jie)等。

無調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，是水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)沒有調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)，按(an)天(tian)然(ran)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)供水(shui)；日(ri)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，是將(jiang)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)日(ri)內(nei)的均勻來水(shui)，按(an)用水(shui)部門的需水(shui)過程(cheng)進行調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)中的水(shui)位在一(yi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)內(nei)完成一(yi)個循環；周調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，利用水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)將(jiang)周內(nei)假日(ri)的多(duo)余水(shui)量(liang)(liang)蓄(xu)存起來，在其他工作日(ri)用，周調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)般也(ye)同時進行日(ri)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)；年調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，對年內(nei)豐、枯(ku)季(ji)的徑流(liu)進行重新分配的調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)（季(ji)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)變化(hua)）；多(duo)年調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)很大(da)，豐水(shui)年份(fen)蓄(xu)存的多(duo)余水(shui)量(liang)(liang)，用以(yi)補充枯(ku)水(shui)年份(fen)的水(shui)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)足。

據2005年全(quan)國(guo)水(shui)力資(zi)源復查(cha)結果(guo)，我(wo)國(guo)大(da)陸水(shui)力資(zi)源理論(lun)蘊藏量在1萬千瓦及以上的(de)河流(liu)3886條(tiao)，經(jing)濟可開發裝機容(rong)量40180萬千瓦，年發電(dian)量17534萬千瓦時。

我(wo)國水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策呈多樣(yang)化(hua)格局(ju)，分為按經營期上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)、標桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)根(gen)據(ju)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)市場平均上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)倒推定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)等。2014年1月11日，《國家發展(zhan)改革(ge)委關于完善水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制(zhi)的通知》（發改價(jia)(jia)格〔2014〕61號），對2014年2月1日以(yi)后(hou)新投產的水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站中(zhong)跨(kua)區跨(kua)省域交易價(jia)(jia)格由(you)供需雙方協商(shang)確定(ding)(ding)；省內上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)實行標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)制(zhi)度，并根(gen)據(ju)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)的作用，可實行豐(feng)枯分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)或者(zhe)分類標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)；鼓(gu)勵通過競爭方式確定(ding)(ding)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格；逐步統一流域梯(ti)級水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站上(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。

抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)電站是一種特殊的水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站，在(zai)用(yong)電低(di)谷時用(yong)過剩電力將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從下水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫抽(chou)到(dao)(dao)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫儲存起來，然后在(zai)用(yong)電高(gao)峰(feng)時將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)放出發(fa)(fa)電，并使水(shui)(shui)(shui)流到(dao)(dao)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)電站是解(jie)決系(xi)統調(diao)峰(feng)、低(di)谷之間供需矛盾(dun)、保證新能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)而建設的水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站，還能(neng)(neng)擔負系(xi)統的調(diao)頻、調(diao)相和事(shi)故備(bei)用(yong)等輔助服務(wu)功能(neng)(neng)。

一(yi)(yi)般認為，抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)“4度(du)換3度(du)”，抽(chou)水時消耗(hao)4度(du)電(dian)，發(fa)電(dian)時只(zhi)能(neng)發(fa)出(chu)3度(du)，可以認為轉(zhuan)換效率75%。基于此，抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)上網電(dian)機與其他電(dian)源(yuan)的上網電(dian)價有(you)根本區(qu)別，主要有(you)電(dian)網統一(yi)(yi)經營、單一(yi)(yi)電(dian)量電(dian)價、兩部制電(dian)價、租賃(lin)電(dian)價。

2014年7月31日，《國家發展改革委關于完善抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)站價(jia)格(ge)形成機制(zhi)有(you)關問題的通知》（發改價(jia)格(ge)〔2014〕1763號(hao)），進一步完善抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)站價(jia)格(ge)形成機制(zhi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場形(xing)成前，抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)實(shi)行兩部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)按照(zhao)合理成本加準(zhun)(zhun)許收益的(de)原則核定(ding)(ding)。兩部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)，容量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)提供備用、調(diao)(diao)頻、調(diao)(diao)相和黑啟動(dong)等輔助服務價(jia)(jia)(jia)值，按照(zhao)彌(mi)補抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)固定(ding)(ding)成本及準(zhun)(zhun)許收益的(de)原則核定(ding)(ding)。逐步對新投產抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)實(shi)行標桿容量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)通過抽(chou)(chou)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)實(shi)現的(de)調(diao)(diao)峰填谷效益。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)彌(mi)補抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)抽(chou)(chou)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)損耗等變(bian)動(dong)成本。電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水平按當(dang)地(di)燃煤機(ji)組標桿上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)（含脫硫、脫硝、除塵(chen)等環(huan)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)）執行。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業向(xiang)抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)提供的抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價按燃(ran)煤(mei)機組標(biao)(biao)桿上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價的75%執行。抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費和抽(chou)(chou)發損(sun)耗納入當地(di)省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網（或(huo)區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網）運行費用(yong)統(tong)一核算，并作為銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價調整因素(su)統(tong)籌考慮。為推動抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)，在具備條件的地(di)區，鼓(gu)勵采用(yong)招標(biao)(biao)、市(shi)(shi)場競(jing)價等(deng)方(fang)式確定抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項目業主、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)、容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價、抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價和上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。

當前(qian)，正(zheng)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)形成的(de)過渡期，抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)未(wei)納入輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)定價成本，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業承擔(dan)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)費(fei)用已(yi)力不從(cong)心，抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價市(shi)場(chang)化是一個還(huan)需深入研究的(de)課題。

風力發電機組

風(feng)電上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)歷經初期參照燃煤電廠(chang)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)、審批電價(jia)(jia)、招標(biao)和審批電價(jia)(jia)并存、招標(biao)加核(he)準方式(shi)、標(biao)桿電價(jia)(jia)。當前(qian)，正(zheng)處于(yu)標(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)退坡的關鍵(jian)時刻，未(wei)來(lai)將(jiang)逐(zhu)步向(xiang)平(ping)價(jia)(jia)、低價(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)過渡。平(ping)價(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)是指與燃煤機組標(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)平(ping)價(jia)(jia)，不需(xu)要國家補(bu)貼。低價(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)是指低于(yu)燃煤機組標(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)。

2019年5月21日，《國(guo)家發展改(gai)革(ge)委關于完(wan)善風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策的(de)通知(zhi)》（發改(gai)價(jia)格〔2019〕882號），將陸(lu)(lu)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、近海(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改(gai)為(wei)指(zhi)導價(jia)，新(xin)核(he)準的(de)集(ji)中式陸(lu)(lu)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)、近海(hai)海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)全(quan)部通過(guo)競(jing)爭方(fang)式確定，不得高于項目(mu)所在資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)指(zhi)導價(jia)；潮間帶海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過(guo)競(jing)爭方(fang)式確定的(de)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，不得高于項目(mu)所在資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)陸(lu)(lu)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)導價(jia)。

從全生命周期看，風電的(de)成(cheng)本主要可以分為機組成(cheng)本、建設成(cheng)本、運維成(cheng)本、人員(yuan)成(cheng)本與材料費等。

太陽能發電機組

太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)分為光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)（PV)和光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)（CSP)。光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)有集中式的地面電(dian)(dian)站，也有與(yu)建(jian)筑物相結合的分布式光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目。

2019年4月28日，《國家發(fa)展改革(ge)委關于完善光伏發(fa)電上(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)機制有關問(wen)題的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)改價(jia)(jia)格〔2019〕761號），將(jiang)集(ji)中式(shi)光伏電站(zhan)標(biao)桿上(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)改為(wei)指(zhi)導價(jia)(jia)，新(xin)增集(ji)中式(shi)光伏電站(zhan)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)電價(jia)(jia)原則上(shang)通(tong)過(guo)市場(chang)競爭(zheng)方式(shi)確定(ding)，不得(de)超(chao)過(guo)所在資源(yuan)區指(zhi)導價(jia)(jia)。能源(yuan)主管部門統一實行市場(chang)競爭(zheng)方式(shi)配置的(de)工商(shang)業分布式(shi)項目，市場(chang)競爭(zheng)形成的(de)價(jia)(jia)格不得(de)超(chao)過(guo)所在資源(yuan)區指(zhi)導價(jia)(jia)，且補貼標(biao)準不得(de)超(chao)過(guo)每(mei)千瓦時0.10元。

國家(jia)發展改革委核定(ding)全國統一的太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)（含4小時以上(shang)(shang)(shang)儲(chu)熱(re)功能(neng)(neng)）標桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網電(dian)價為(wei)每千(qian)瓦時1.15元(yuan)（含稅），2018年12月31日以前全部投(tou)運的太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)項目(mu)執行上(shang)(shang)(shang)述標桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網電(dian)價。太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網電(dian)價退(tui)坡(po)機制尚未確定(ding)，考慮(lv)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)現狀，退(tui)坡(po)幅度可能(neng)(neng)不會不太。

核電機組

我國核(he)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量比例(li)相(xiang)對(dui)較小(xiao)。與一(yi)般火電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)一(yi)樣，核(he)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)主要(yao)由建設成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、運(yun)維成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、燃料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。核(he)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)還有長期成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)有較大下降(jiang)空間、地域差異不(bu)明顯等特點。

由于(yu)核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術上不適(shi)宜參與(yu)市(shi)場競爭，2013年以(yi)前(qian)，我國對核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基本實(shi)行(xing)一(yi)廠一(yi)價(jia)(jia)。2013年6月15日，國家發(fa)展改革委印發(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)完善(shan)核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制有關(guan)問題的(de)(de)通(tong)知》（發(fa)改價(jia)(jia)格〔2013〕1130號），對2013年1月1日以(yi)后(hou)新(xin)建核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)實(shi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策（根(gen)據目前(qian)核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)社會平均成本與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場供需狀況，核(he)定全(quan)國核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)為每千瓦時0.43元）；全(quan)國核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)高(gao)于(yu)核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)所在地(di)燃(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)（含(han)脫硫、脫硝加價(jia)(jia)，下(xia)同）的(de)(de)地(di)區，新(xin)建核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)投產(chan)后(hou)執(zhi)行(xing)當地(di)燃(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)；對承擔核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術引進(jin)、自主創新(xin)、重大(da)專(zhuan)項(xiang)設(she)備國產(chan)化任務的(de)(de)首(shou)臺或首(shou)批核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)或示范工程，其上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)可適(shi)當提(ti)高(gao)。