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表(biao)：Solana和Ivanpah兩大電站的月發電量統(tong)計

　　為(wei)了(le)(le)更(geng)清晰地呈現兩大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，CSPPLAZA對其月(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進行了(le)(le)統計(ji)，如上圖可見，從2014年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)到2015年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)這(zhe)23個月(yue)(yue)，Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)最大(da)月(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)2015年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)91475MWh，Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)月(yue)(yue)最大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)在2015年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)77534MWh。據此計(ji)算，Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在當月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)達327小(xiao)時(shi)，日均(jun)約11小(xiao)時(shi)，Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在當月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)達198小(xiao)時(shi)，日均(jun)約6.6小(xiao)時(shi)。另外統計(ji)兩大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)月(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)超過60000MWh的(de)(de)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)，Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)共(gong)計(ji)10個月(yue)(yue)，Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)共(gong)計(ji)7個月(yue)(yue)。

　　但同時需要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)的是，據(ju)EIA數據(ju)，2015年9月(yue)到(dao)2015年11月(yue)這三(san)個月(yue)，Ivanpah電(dian)站的發電(dian)量中包括了燃氣(qi)(qi)發電(dian)的貢獻電(dian)量，這三(san)個月(yue)其燃氣(qi)(qi)貢獻電(dian)量分別為2708MWh，1074MWh、2305MWh。而(er)Solana電(dian)站沒(mei)有燃氣(qi)(qi)供電(dian)量。

　　另(ling)外，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)層(ceng)面來看(kan)，Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)簽約電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)為(wei)(wei)14美(mei)分(fen)/kWh，PPA期(qi)限(xian)30年。Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)簽約電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)均價(jia)約18美(mei)分(fen)（Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站所在地加(jia)州有分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)為(wei)(wei)浮動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)），PPA期(qi)限(xian)為(wei)(wei)25年。結合(he)兩大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)總(zong)投(tou)資額和年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，粗略估算其運維(wei)和財務(wu)等成本，或(huo)可大(da)(da)概估算出兩大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)投(tou)資回收期(qi)。當然，上述2個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)前置條件(jian)是(shi)美(mei)國(guo)30%的(de)ITC投(tou)資稅(shui)收抵免政(zheng)策和美(mei)國(guo)能源部貸(dai)款擔保支持(chi)，Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站同樣獲得了14.5億美(mei)元的(de)DOE貸(dai)款擔保支持(chi)。

　　總(zong)體而(er)言，從上述兩大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站在(zai)上述23個月的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)來看，結合各種實(shi)際(ji)情況，我們可(ke)以認為(wei)這兩大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)還(huan)是值得(de)肯定的(de)。輿論(lun)爭議較(jiao)大(da)的(de)Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)(dian)站作為(wei)大(da)規(gui)模DSG塔式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)典(dian)型(xing)樣本，其(qi)實(shi)際(ji)投運期要(yao)晚于Solana電(dian)(dian)(dian)站約4個月，其(qi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)相對而(er)言應屬正常(chang)。若其(qi)實(shi)際(ji)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力真如項目方所說在(zai)4年內達(da)到設(she)計值，我們可(ke)以確(que)定該電(dian)(dian)(dian)站是取得(de)了(le)較(jiao)大(da)成功的(de)。

　　塔(ta)式DSG無儲能電(dian)(dian)站在(zai)Ivanpah項目(mu)(mu)實(shi)現商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)運(yun)營之后，目(mu)(mu)前在(zai)以色列正在(zai)建(jian)設的(de)(de)121MW的(de)(de)Ashalim1電(dian)(dian)站正在(zai)塑(su)造第二(er)個商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)案例。但必須正視(shi)的(de)(de)事(shi)實(shi)是(shi)，儲能是(shi)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力(li)所(suo)在(zai)，鑒于(yu)此，我們(men)更應關注(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)是(shi)儲能型光(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)運(yun)行表現和經(jing)濟性，特(te)別是(shi)對中國市場，這(zhe)已成共(gong)識。即(ji)便是(shi)水工(gong)質(zhi)塔(ta)，儲能也不可或缺。我們(men)目(mu)(mu)前研究Ivanpah電(dian)(dian)站，更應關注(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)應在(zai)于(yu)其在(zai)大規模鏡場設計和控制(zhi)等方面作出的(de)(de)實(shi)踐。

　　塔(ta)式(shi)熔(rong)鹽(yan)技術(shu)目(mu)前(qian)備受(shou)推崇，目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內市(shi)場在技術(shu)路(lu)線選(xuan)擇上(shang)的(de)最大爭議即在于選(xuan)擇常(chang)規槽式(shi)還是(shi)塔(ta)式(shi)熔(rong)鹽(yan)。但可惜的(de)是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)尚無法通過(guo)實(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)數據對此進行(xing)對比，而新近正(zheng)式(shi)并網(wang)的(de)新月沙丘電(dian)站將在未(wei)來一年內給(gei)出一個初步結果，屆時我們應可以看(kan)到大規模(mo)塔(ta)式(shi)熔(rong)鹽(yan)光熱(re)電(dian)站的(de)實(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)表現。

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