12月25日(ri),山東率先發(fa)出2024年(nian)容量(liang)(liang)電(dian)價(jia)機制調(diao)整通知(zhi)(zhi),通知(zhi)(zhi)中,正在(zai)執行的用戶側(ce)容量(liang)(liang)補償電(dian)價(jia)0.0991元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦時,將(jiang)從2024年(nian)1月1日(ri)起,下(xia)調(diao)至0.0705元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦時,度(du)電(dian)降低2.86分(fen)。
其中,2024-2025年(nian)山東煤電(dian)容(rong)量電(dian)價按照回收煤電(dian)機組固定成本30%確(que)定,標(biao)準為每年(nian)每千瓦100元(含(han)稅),納入(ru)山東電(dian)力電(dian)量平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)跨省跨區外送煤電(dian)機組,執行山東煤電(dian)容(rong)量電(dian)價標(biao)準。
從政策上(shang)來看,火電企業會受到容量補(bu)償(chang)電費(fei)(fei),這個費(fei)(fei)用由工(gong)商業主(zhu)體每月分(fen)攤,意味著工(gong)商業企業的電費(fei)(fei)會有(you)微(wei)微(wei)上(shang)漲,但是漲幅不會太大。
此(ci)前,根據國(guo)家發展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)家能源局發布的《關于建(jian)立煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)的通知》(以(yi)下簡稱《通知》),從2024年1月1日起(qi),將(jiang)現行煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)一制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)調(diao)整(zheng)為兩部制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia),容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)水(shui)平根據轉型(xing)進度等(deng)實際情(qing)況(kuang)合理確定(ding)并逐步調(diao)整(zheng)。
目前,我(wo)國煤電電價(jia)多實行單(dan)一(yi)制電量電價(jia),只有發(fa)電才能收回成本,秉承的原則是不(bu)干活就不(bu)賺錢。但隨(sui)著煤電轉變經(jing)營發(fa)展模式,煤電機(ji)組(zu)越來越多時(shi)(shi)間(jian)“備(bei)而不(bu)用”。據統計(ji),煤電機(ji)組(zu)的年(nian)發(fa)電小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數由2015年(nian)的5000小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)以上降低(di)(di)到2022年(nian)的4300小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),未來的發(fa)電小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數還將進一(yi)步降低(di)(di),通過(guo)單(dan)一(yi)電量電價(jia)注定(ding)無法(fa)回收固定(ding)成本,入(ru)不(bu)敷出的煤電企業經(jing)營面臨巨大(da)生存(cun)壓(ya)力。
而本(ben)(ben)次《通知(zhi)》采(cai)用兩(liang)部電(dian)價(jia)是將煤(mei)電(dian)的電(dian)價(jia)分為(wei)兩(liang)部分:電(dian)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)和(he)容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)。具體來說,電(dian)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)是通過市場化方式形(xing)成(cheng)的,這(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)激勵煤(mei)電(dian)企(qi)業提高發(fa)電(dian)效(xiao)率,降低成(cheng)本(ben)(ben),以(yi)獲(huo)得更多的市場份額,可(ke)以(yi)理解為(wei)多勞多得的獎(jiang)勵績效(xiao);而容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)則(ze)主要反映煤(mei)電(dian)的容(rong)量(liang)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben),并保(bao)障煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)組在電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)中具備足夠的容(rong)量(liang),以(yi)應對電(dian)力(li)負荷的波動,可(ke)以(yi)理解為(wei)固定底薪。
事(shi)實(shi)上,采用(yong)兩部(bu)價并不是(shi)(shi)首次實(shi)施,山(shan)東(dong)因(yin)既(ji)是(shi)(shi)內(nei)部(bu)火電過(guo)剩的省份,又是(shi)(shi)一個接受外送電的大省,因(yin)此(ci)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國范(fan)圍內(nei)實(shi)行(xing)容量電價的先行(xing)者,其(qi)容量電價機(ji)制的完善有著示范(fan)作用(yong)。
(原文如下)
關于貫徹發改價格〔2023〕1501號文件完善我省容量電價機制有關事項的通知
魯發改價格〔2023〕1022號
各市(shi)發展(zhan)改革(ge)委、能(neng)源(yuan)局,華(hua)能(neng)山(shan)(shan)東發電(dian)(dian)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、華(hua)電(dian)(dian)國際(ji)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)股份有限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)山(shan)(shan)東分公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、國家能(neng)源(yuan)集團(tuan)山(shan)(shan)東電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、大唐山(shan)(shan)東發電(dian)(dian)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、國家電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)投資集團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)山(shan)(shan)東分公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、華(hua)潤電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)華(hua)北大區,山(shan)(shan)東能(neng)源(yuan)集團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si),國網山(shan)(shan)東省電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si),山(shan)(shan)東電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交易(yi)中(zhong)心:
為(wei)進一步深化電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)市場化改(gai)(gai)革(ge),推動煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變(bian)經營發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式,促進新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳(tan)轉型,根據《國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委(wei)國家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局關于建立煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)的通知(zhi)》(發(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)價(jia)格〔2023〕1501號)等文件規(gui)定,現將我省容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)有關事項(xiang)通知(zhi)如下:
一、實施范圍
煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制適用于(yu)合規在運的公用煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組。燃煤(mei)自備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、不符合國(guo)(guo)家(jia)規劃的煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,以及不滿足國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對于(yu)能(neng)(neng)耗、環(huan)保和靈(ling)活調節能(neng)(neng)力等要(yao)求(qiu)的煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,不執行(xing)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制。
二、電價標準
(一)省內煤(mei)電(dian)機組。2024-2025年山東(dong)煤(mei)電(dian)容量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)按照(zhao)回收(shou)煤(mei)電(dian)機組固定成本30%確定,標準為每年每千瓦(wa)100元(含(han)稅,下同)。
(二)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組。納入山東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)衡(heng)的跨(kua)(kua)(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區外送煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,執行山東煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)標準,并通過簽訂年度(du)及以(yi)上(shang)中長期合同,明確煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)分攤比例(li)和履約責任等內容。未納入山東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)衡(heng)的跨(kua)(kua)(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)區外送煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,由送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)省(sheng)份承擔其容量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)。
(三(san))應急備用煤電機(ji)組。機(ji)組調用時(shi)(shi)段電量電價,按同時(shi)(shi)段最短(duan)周(zhou)期電力市場(chang)交易電價水平確(que)定(ding)(ding)。容量電價具(ju)體(ti)標(biao)準,待(dai)國(guo)家確(que)定(ding)(ding)應急備用煤電機(ji)組具(ju)體(ti)范圍(wei)及管理辦法后(hou),由省發展改革委會同省能源局按照(zhao)回收日常維護(hu)成本(ben)的原(yuan)則另(ling)行制定(ding)(ding),適時(shi)(shi)采取競(jing)爭性招標(biao)等方式(shi)確(que)定(ding)(ding)。
三、電費分攤
(一)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組可(ke)獲得的(de)容(rong)(rong)量電(dian)(dian)費(fei),根據容(rong)(rong)量電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和機(ji)組申報的(de)最大(da)出(chu)力(li)確定,煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組分月申報(可(ke)按(an)日調(diao)整),電(dian)(dian)網企業按(an)月結算(suan)。煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組停機(ji)備用和開展計劃檢修,在核定工期內,可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)機(ji)組并網調(diao)度協議(yi)明確的(de)出(chu)力(li)獲得容(rong)(rong)量電(dian)(dian)費(fei)。新建(jian)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組自投運次月起執行煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制。
(二)煤電(dian)容(rong)量電(dian)費納入系統運行費用(yong),每(mei)月(yue)由(you)工商業(ye)用(yong)戶按當月(yue)用(yong)電(dian)量比(bi)例(li)分攤,煤電(dian)容(rong)量電(dian)費折(zhe)價由(you)電(dian)網企業(ye)按月(yue)預測發布(bu)、逐月(yue)滾動清算,隨代理購(gou)電(dian)價格信息一并公布(bu)。
(三)納(na)入系統運行費(fei)的煤電容量電費(fei)折價(jia)執行分(fen)時電價(jia)政策,峰谷清算(suan)損益(yi)納(na)入煤電容量電費(fei)損益(yi),由全(quan)體工商(shang)業(ye)用戶分(fen)攤(tan)(分(fen)享)。
四、電費考核
煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組正常在運情況下,無法按照(zhao)調度指令(ling)(跨省(sheng)跨區送電(dian)(dian)(dian)按合同約定,下同)提供申報最(zui)大出(chu)力(li)的(de)(de),月(yue)內發(fa)生(sheng)兩次(ci)(ci)扣(kou)減(jian)(jian)當月(yue)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)的(de)(de)10%,發(fa)生(sheng)三(san)次(ci)(ci)扣(kou)減(jian)(jian)50%,發(fa)生(sheng)四(si)次(ci)(ci)及(ji)以上(shang)扣(kou)減(jian)(jian)100%。最(zui)大出(chu)力(li)未達(da)標情況由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業按月(yue)統(tong)計(ji),相應扣(kou)減(jian)(jian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)。對自(zi)然(ran)年(nian)內月(yue)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)全(quan)部扣(kou)減(jian)(jian)累計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)三(san)次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組,取消其獲取容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)的(de)(de)資格。
五、其他事項
(一)加強(qiang)山東(dong)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)市場(chang)化(hua)容(rong)量補償(chang)電價(jia)機(ji)制與煤電容(rong)量電價(jia)機(ji)制的銜接,現(xian)行(xing)(xing)市場(chang)化(hua)容(rong)量補償(chang)電價(jia)用(yong)戶側收取(qu)標準(zhun)由每千瓦時0.0991元(yuan)暫調(diao)整為0.0705元(yuan)。容(rong)量補償(chang)電價(jia)政策、補償(chang)機(ji)組范圍(wei)、補償(chang)費用(yong)收取(qu)(支付)等繼續按照現(xian)行(xing)(xing)有關規定執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。
(二)煤電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價機(ji)制具(ju)體適用(yong)范圍、認定程序、考核機(ji)制根據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)有關規定執(zhi)行。國(guo)網(wang)山(shan)東省電(dian)力公司要對煤電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)費單獨歸(gui)集、單獨反映(ying),按季向省發展改革委和相關主(zhu)管部門報送煤電(dian)機(ji)組容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)費結(jie)(jie)算及扣減情(qing)況(kuang)、工(gong)商業用(yong)戶(hu)度電(dian)分攤水平測算及執(zhi)行情(qing)況(kuang)、電(dian)量(liang)電(dian)費結(jie)(jie)算情(qing)況(kuang)等信息。
(三)上(shang)述電價政策(ce)自(zi)2024年(nian)1月(yue)1日起(qi)執行。政策(ce)執行過程(cheng)中遇到的(de)問題及建議,請及時報告(gao)省發(fa)展改革委(價格(ge)處(chu))、山東能源監管辦(市場(chang)監管處(chu))、省能源局(電力處(chu))。
附件:
山東省發(fa)展(zhan)和改革(ge)委員會(hui)
國家能源局山東(dong)監管辦(ban)公室(shi)
山東省能源局
2023年12月25日