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胡高斌：面向新型電力系統的熔融鹽儲熱與煤電機組耦合集成與靈活運行技術

江蘇國信靖江發電有限公司設備部副主任

胡高斌：各位領導，各位專(zhuan)家(jia)，大(da)家(jia)下午好。我是(shi)江蘇國信新(xin)疆發電(dian)有限公司設備(bei)部(bu)武高斌，很榮(rong)幸能(neng)在儲(chu)能(neng)技術應用研討(tao)會(hui)大(da)平臺上(shang)和(he)大(da)家(jia)進(jin)行(xing)交流(liu)學習。今天(tian)匯報的(de)(de)主題是(shi)面(mian)向新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統的(de)(de)熔(rong)巖(yan)儲(chu)熱(re)與煤(mei)電(dian)機組(zu)耦合集(ji)成與靈活運行(xing)技術。我就以下5點(dian)進(jin)行(xing)介紹，包(bao)括大(da)環境(jing)的(de)(de)背景(jing)和(he)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)背景(jing)，儲(chu)能(neng)技術的(de)(de)選擇，這相對(dui)來說是(shi)相對(dui)于煤(mei)電(dian)機組(zu)，熔(rong)融也儲(chu)熱(re)的(de)(de)，在建項(xiang)目的(de)(de)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)實施方案和(he)收益分(fen)析，最(zui)后是(shi)示范工程的(de)(de)引進(jin)。

大家都知(zhi)道在2030年(nian)(nian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)達(da)(da)(da)(da)到碳(tan)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)，在2060年(nian)(nian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)，其目標是(shi)(shi)黨中(zhong)央的(de)(de)(de)重大決策部(bu)署，相對(dui)于電(dian)力(li)行業來說(shuo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)，碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)基(ji)本思(si)路和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)舉(ju)措是(shi)(shi)深化(hua)電(dian)力(li)體(ti)制改革，構(gou)建以(yi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)題的(de)(de)(de)綠色低(di)碳(tan)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統。而(er)且(qie)江蘇省十四五可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃也提(ti)出，到2025年(nian)(nian)，江蘇全省可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納占全社(she)會(hui)用量(liang)占比(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)達(da)(da)(da)(da)到21%，可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總裝機量(liang)占比(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)超(chao)過(guo)30%，可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在電(dian)網中(zhong)占比(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)升，要(yao)(yao)(yao)構(gou)建新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統，意味(wei)著風力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)、光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)將是(shi)(shi)未(wei)來電(dian)力(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)。國家發(fa)(fa)改委和(he)國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)發(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)于加強(qiang)推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)指導意見，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)兩個(ge)目標，是(shi)(shi)到2025年(nian)(nian)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)從商業化(hua)初期向規模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)轉變，到2030年(nian)(nian)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全面市場化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)核心(xin)技術裝備自(zi)主(zhu)可控(kong)，進(jin)行儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域綜合的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵支撐。

講行業(ye)背景，從兩個餅狀(zhuang)圖可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出，雖然(ran)現在風電(dian)(dian)和太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)約占國(guo)電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)總(zong)裝機容量的(de)(de)27%，但(dan)是(shi)的(de)(de)實際發電(dian)(dian)量僅占12%，而(er)火力發電(dian)(dian)以(yi)55%的(de)(de)裝機容量卻發出占比67%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量，可(ke)見火力發電(dian)(dian)仍然(ran)是(shi)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)的(de)(de)中流砥柱。但(dan)是(shi)隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源的(de)(de)發展，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源的(de)(de)消(xiao)耗面臨著很大的(de)(de)壓力，因此急需(xu)開(kai)發新(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源的(de)(de)消(xiao)納。

介(jie)紹儲(chu)能項目實施單位(wei)簡介(jie)，公司位(wei)于江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)晉江(jiang)市經濟開發(fa)區(qu)內，主要(yao)經營內容(rong)為(wei)火力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、供氣，售電(dian)(dian)以及港口經營，公司兩臺66萬的超(chao)臨界(jie)機組(zu)是(shi)2015年投產，年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)70億千瓦(wa)時。公司主要(yao)還承擔著(zhu)晉江(jiang)東部和中部區(qu)域的供熱，這5年供熱量(liang)約(yue)(yue)80萬噸，大約(yue)(yue)是(shi)1小時100噸左(zuo)右。由(you)前面的介(jie)紹可知，公司地處長三角地區(qu)，長三角地區(qu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)發(fa)達(da)，電(dian)(dian)力輸送能力強，再加上東部沿海(hai)的海(hai)上風電(dian)(dian)，還有(you)光伏等新能源，所(suo)以說(shuo)(shuo)在區(qu)域內相對來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)火電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)的調峰(feng)做調頻的壓(ya)力比較大。

據前面(mian)所(suo)述在(zai)雙(shuang)探的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標下(xia)(xia)，在(zai)整個(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大環境(jing)下(xia)(xia)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比(bi)例(li)已經是(shi)(shi)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)釘釘的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)對于的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃煤的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)和靈(ling)活性(xing)(xing)改造，以(yi)(yi)及大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術是(shi)(shi)勢在(zai)必行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術是(shi)(shi)解(jie)決當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調頻(pin)和調峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力不(bu)(bu)足，造成新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)。就(jiu)相(xiang)當于剛剛的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委(wei)和國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局也指(zhi)出(chu)，新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)成為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)支撐之(zhi)一，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方面(mian)要(yao)布置(zhi)一批配置(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站項目，通(tong)過儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)協調優化(hua)保(bao)障(zhang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效利用(yong)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)容量(liang)(liang)支撐和一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。到2025年新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機容量(liang)(liang)要(yao)達到3,000萬千瓦以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，要(yao)推進儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)熱(re)(re)與發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納比(bi)例(li)，保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)等(deng)方面(mian)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮著重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，是(shi)(shi)支撐國大規(gui)模(mo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)術。想必大家(jia)都知道儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術按照原(yuan)理(li)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)為(wei)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾點(dian)，包括機械儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱(re)(re)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)性(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（其中包含熔鹽儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)）、電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)。抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成熟(shu)度(du)比(bi)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，規(gui)模(mo)很大，但嚴(yan)重依賴(lai)地理(li)位置(zhi)，建(jian)設周(zhou)期較長，資源(yuan)受限，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，響(xiang)應速度(du)快，但是(shi)(shi)單(dan)位成本相(xiang)對于來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，壽命(ming)短，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)交大熱(re)(re)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)組(zu)目前成熟(shu)度(du)較低(di)，全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效率(lv)低(di)，不(bu)(bu)具備商業化(hua)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)還處在(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)階(jie)段，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)相(xiang)對于煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術過程(cheng)(cheng)簡單(dan)，關鍵(jian)(jian)設備發(fa)(fa)(fa)展較為(wei)成熟(shu)，其中若年儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術具有(you)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)密度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，單(dan)位成本低(di)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠等(deng)優勢，可(ke)與新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)等(deng)多種(zhong)形式，和并提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)給，靈(ling)活運行(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力是(shi)(shi)構建(jian)綠色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術。

從表也可以(yi)看出，相比(bi)于(yu)(yu)其的儲能(neng)(neng)技術對于(yu)(yu)煤電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)熱(re)熔巖儲能(neng)(neng)具有適用(yong)范圍廣(guang)，綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)環保、安全性高(gao)(gao)、壽(shou)命長，占地面積小，單位成本(ben)低(di)等(deng)優點，且(qie)沒有地理環境(jing)的限制，是(shi)目前(qian)大規模中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)儲熱(re)季度的首(shou)選。熔鹽儲能(neng)(neng)技術主要(yao)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)和(he)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)、熱(re)能(neng)(neng)兩種形式耦合于(yu)(yu)當(dang)前(qian)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應系(xi)統中(zhong)，如光熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)、集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)熱(re)等(deng)，針對于(yu)(yu)供(gong)熱(re)機組(zu)要(yao)滿足(zu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主的發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，填補穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)安全運(yun)行(xing)，調(diao)節消(xiao)納新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)氣等(deng)要(yao)求，不(bu)僅(jin)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)網(wang)消(xiao)納新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)峰難題，而(er)且(qie)增強新(xin)(xin)型綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的穩定(ding)性，又(you)為工(gong)業用(yong)戶提供(gong)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)清潔(jie)熱(re)源(yuan)(yuan)的低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展路徑，推動能(neng)(neng)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)目標(biao)的不(bu)斷前(qian)行(xing)。

公(gong)司現(xian)在(zai)(zai)面(mian)臨(lin)著(zhu)幾個(ge)瓶(ping)頸(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)抽氣口(kou)是(shi)(shi)從鍋爐載熱(re)(re)(re)器第一級載熱(re)(re)(re)器出(chu)口(kou)取出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，再熱(re)(re)(re)器第一級聯箱蒸汽(qi)通過(guo)背壓(ya)機(ji)實現(xian)對(dui)外供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)，采(cai)取被壓(ya)機(ji)可以實現(xian)能量的(de)(de)(de)(de)梯級利用，且減少百1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)用電率。但是(shi)(shi)瓶(ping)頸(jing)也(ye)顯(xian)而易見，當機(ji)組深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)表觀(guan)達(da)到40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，即使是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)整體(ti)全部通過(guo)投入(ru)也(ye)只能提供(gong)(gong)大(da)約80噸每(mei)(mei)小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)氣，當然平均量是(shi)(shi)100噸每(mei)(mei)小時(shi)，就相當于(yu)(yu)平常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)氣高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)來說，供(gong)(gong)氣量還是(shi)(shi)不夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種情況下，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)調峰(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)很平常(chang)，所以說這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。第二(er)個(ge)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司兩臺(tai)機(ji)組打開(kai)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)調峰(feng)(feng)(feng)，長周期運(yun)行只能達(da)到35%的(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)，再往下的(de)(de)(de)(de)話就面(mian)臨(lin)著(zhu)最后的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)銷，所以說深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)調峰(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調控深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。第三個(ge)是(shi)(shi)參與調頻(pin)(pin)輔助(zhu)市場這(zhe)(zhe)一方面(mian)，經過(guo)統計，每(mei)(mei)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)頻(pin)(pin)率大(da)概是(shi)(shi)700~1200次，調節(jie)功率主要在(zai)(zai)±4.5兆瓦之間，相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)如果通過(guo)改變燃燒來響應調頻(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，響應速度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)以幾十秒來計算的(de)(de)(de)(de)，相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)區域內的(de)(de)(de)(de)其的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)店進(jin)行并沒(mei)有(you)優勢，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)幾個(ge)制約的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。

有制約條件，就進行聯合西安熱(re)工(gong)研究(jiu)院進行共同探(tan)討(tao)，最終確定的熔(rong)巖儲(chu)能的方案應該是(shi)熔(rong)巖儲(chu)能，可以實現由電流往熱(re)能再(zai)往熱(re)能的轉換，再(zai)加上是(shi)供(gong)熱(re)基礎，所以說(shuo)相(xiang)對于(yu)來說(shuo)是(shi)最適合機組(zu)的儲(chu)能的方案。

熔(rong)巖(yan)儲(chu)能系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要材料和設(she)備如圖中所示主要是(shi)(shi)熔(rong)融鹽，采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)三元鹽，熔(rong)點大概是(shi)(shi)115度(du)，實(shi)際(ji)運行溫度(du)在(zai)200~400之(zhi)間(jian)。第(di)二個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)熔(rong)巖(yan)罐(guan)(guan)，第(di)三個(ge)(ge)換熱(re)器(qi)、泵(beng)、電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)器(qi)熔(rong)巖(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)是(shi)(shi)從機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)6000伏取(qu)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通過變壓器(qi)降壓，對(dui)分(fen)為4組對(dui)熔(rong)巖(yan)進行加(jia)(jia)熱(re)，熔(rong)巖(yan)電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)器(qi)系統簡單可靠，通過的(de)(de)(de)(de)供氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，包括供氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力、溫度(du)、流量(liang)等方面(mian)，還有(you)對(dui)于的(de)(de)(de)(de)調頻和調峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，綜(zong)合選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)熔(rong)巖(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工具(ju)，總(zong)共合起來是(shi)(shi)36兆瓦，儲(chu)熱(re)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)(ge)熔(rong)巖(yan)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)熱(re)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)不小的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)72兆瓦時。

這(zhe)邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實施(shi)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)圖(tu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分為兩個部分，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程，首先講吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程，從(cong)互動可(ke)以(yi)看出(chu)(chu)，低(di)(di)溫熔(rong)鹽(yan)罐(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)溫冷凝，當然低(di)(di)溫是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相對(dui)來(lai)(lai)(lai)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)211℃左(zuo)右，通過(guo)熔(rong)巖泵(beng)把打出(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)剛(gang)剛(gang)這(zhe)邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)六清(qing)基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6000伏取出(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)壓，其(qi)對(dui)熔(rong)巖低(di)(di)溫熔(rong)巖進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，到(dao)(dao)大(da)概388℃之后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)高溫罐(guan)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程，放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程高溫溶(rong)液罐(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫熔(rong)巖通過(guo)熔(rong)巖泵(beng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)打出(chu)(chu)，通過(guo)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)出(chu)(chu)氧氣來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽水進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，變(bian)(bian)成低(di)(di)溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種已經(jing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)低(di)(di)溫罐(guan)循(xun)環(huan)，同時(shi)還(huan)有熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)除氧器(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)口下(xia)降(jiang)完取出(chu)(chu)汽水，通過(guo)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，加(jia)(jia)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)260度(du)(du)1.1兆(zhao)帕，對(dui)外供氣。比如說(shuo)省(sheng)調(diao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)指令要求(qiu)上(shang)網負(fu)荷提高到(dao)(dao)605，也(ye)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)5兆(zhao)瓦(wa)，直(zhi)接(jie)就(jiu)把電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)通過(guo)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)節，把電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)從(cong)20兆(zhao)瓦(wa)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)15兆(zhao)瓦(wa)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)組(zu)處理(li)不變(bian)(bian)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)620兆(zhao)瓦(wa)，上(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷就(jiu)變(bian)(bian)成605兆(zhao)瓦(wa)，也(ye)說(shuo)可(ke)以(yi)迅(xun)速響(xiang)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指令，在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)組(zu)出(chu)(chu)力不變(bian)(bian)，如果通過(guo)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)改變(bian)(bian)燃(ran)燒來(lai)(lai)(lai)響(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要個幾十秒，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍巖工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法來(lai)(lai)(lai)直(zhi)接(jie)把熔(rong)巖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)直(zhi)接(jie)補(bu)貼到(dao)(dao)上(shang)網符合(he)上(shang)，可(ke)以(yi)實現(xian)(xian)毫秒級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)，總共響(xiang)應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)不超過(guo)一秒。響(xiang)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)巖電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)范圍(wei)內，肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)100%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)(du)響(xiang)應(ying)，反之亦然，所以(yi)說(shuo)熔(rong)鹽(yan)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)就(jiu)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)，而對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)網條(tiao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)深度(du)(du)調(diao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)把電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)給堆滿(man)，盡(jin)量多分擔一點工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，上(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷就(jiu)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

接下來(lai)給(gei)大家(jia)匯報整個項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前熔(rong)巖儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)幾(ji)乎都用(yong)于太陽能(neng)(neng)光熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)站除(chu)此之(zhi)外缺乏(fa)大規模與煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案例，僅有(you)規模較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)暖示(shi)范項目(mu)(mu)(mu)。從(cong)(cong)2019年(nian)就感受到(dao)火電(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業即將迎來(lai)重(zhong)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革，同時也存(cun)在(zai)前文(wen)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業供(gong)給(gei)和外部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度調(diao)峰調(diao)頻之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。所(suo)以說在(zai)2020年(nian)初就開始(shi)聯系(xi)西(xi)安(an)(an)熱(re)(re)(re)工(gong)研(yan)究院(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)業供(gong)氣、調(diao)兵調(diao)分等，在(zai)研(yan)究過程中(zhong)對(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前面(mian)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)種(zhong)技術(shu)(shu)路(lu)線，因(yin)為供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)，所(suo)以說最(zui)(zui)終選擇熔(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)適合靈活性改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)路(lu)線，而且具(ju)有(you)長壽命(ming)、低成(cheng)本、高(gao)安(an)(an)全(quan)等其儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)不可(ke)比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，所(suo)以在(zai)2020年(nian)底就通過財政評(ping)審，完成(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)可(ke)研(yan)，在(zai)2021年(nian)就開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)階段(duan)，也組(zu)織外部專家(jia)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)層(ceng)層(ceng)論證，論證過程中(zhong)攻克(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)巖加熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)式主(zhu)要指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蒸汽加熱(re)(re)(re)和電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比(bi)，還有(you)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)問題(ti)(ti)，比(bi)如(ru)說電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)，水源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)。系(xi)統啟(qi)動問題(ti)(ti)包(bao)括存(cun)在(zai)態(tai)啟(qi)動、溫(wen)態(tai)啟(qi)動、熱(re)(re)(re)態(tai)啟(qi)動、系(xi)統運(yun)行(xing)(xing)優化(hua)，調(diao)頻工(gong)況(kuang)(kuang)調(diao)、分工(gong)報和頂尖分工(gong)況(kuang)(kuang)，以及(ji)鍋爐汽機(ji)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體協(xie)調(diao)控制優化(hua)等技術(shu)(shu)難題(ti)(ti)，最(zui)(zui)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體協(xie)調(diao)優化(hua)，以保障系(xi)統在(zai)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下，實現(xian)輔助服務(wu)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)最(zui)(zui)大化(hua)，鍋爐氣機(ji)安(an)(an)全(quan)經濟(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)最(zui)(zui)大化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標。該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)去年(nian)11月(yue)開始(shi)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，到(dao)現(xian)在(zai)已經完成(cheng)土建工(gong)作，正在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設備(bei)安(an)(an)裝。總(zong)包(bao)方(fang)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)安(an)(an)院(yuan)，預期在(zai)4月(yue)份進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，根據省內進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)調(diao)頻改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，兩臺機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)頻收(shou)(shou)益(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)達到(dao)每(mei)天30萬元，對(dui)比(bi)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，因(yin)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)器功(gong)率更大，所(suo)以說總(zong)投(tou)資是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)5000多(duo)萬元，36兆瓦(wa)，所(suo)以說預計(ji)(ji)不到(dao)一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)就可(ke)以收(shou)(shou)回成(cheng)本。項目(mu)(mu)(mu)投(tou)資收(shou)(shou)益(yi)性較好，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要看到(dao)時候4月(yue)份具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)決定(ding)，也實現(xian)前所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標。

綜上(shang)所述，采取的熔巖儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與煤電機組(zu)相耦合(he)的方(fang)案，是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現單臺機組(zu)深(shen)(shen)度調(diao)(diao)控達到30%，而且顯著提高技術的調(diao)(diao)配能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，剛(gang)剛(gang)所說的也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)滿足50噸(dun)每小時的工(gong)業(ye)用氣(qi)，因為是(shi)把能(neng)(neng)(neng)量進(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉換(huan)的，電能(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)成熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)再(zai)變(bian)成熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，這是(shi)簡單的收(shou)(shou)益。調(diao)(diao)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)峰收(shou)(shou)益預計(ji)一(yi)年就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)收(shou)(shou)回成本，共性(xing)安全就(jiu)不多說，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有效降低(di)為基礎的調(diao)(diao)溫深(shen)(shen)度，利用干濕(shi)態轉化。項(xiang)目從開始執行(xing)(xing)就(jiu)得到火(huo)電行(xing)(xing)業(ye)和(he)光熱(re)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的廣泛關注，被光熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電平臺評(ping)為2021年度中國光熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電行(xing)(xing)業(ye)十(shi)大新聞(wen)之一(yi)。所以(yi)(yi)公(gong)司和(he)西安熱(re)工(gong)院研究有限公(gong)司共同實施的熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目是(shi)國內首例化融煤電機組(zu)和(he)熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相結(jie)合(he)的項(xiang)目，實現都能(neng)(neng)(neng)有匹配與協調(diao)(diao)優化，提高耦合(he)發(fa)(fa)電系統的靈活性(xing)、可(ke)靠性(xing)和(he)經濟性(xing)。

項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)現在(zai)(zai)已經進入實施階(jie)段，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)團(tuan)隊建立協同創新機(ji)制，攻(gong)克熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)熱(re)(re)系統多(duo)項(xiang)技術(shu)難題，預計項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)4月份進行試運行，成(cheng)為(wei)國內首個(ge)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)熱(re)(re)技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)火電機(ji)組(zu)的大規(gui)模(mo)工程示范的項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，為(wei)火電機(ji)組(zu)的可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)下一步的解決方(fang)案。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)研(yan)究成(cheng)果(guo)前景廣闊，相關技術(shu)推廣后將進一步提(ti)高，所以這種高比例的可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)的消納(na)，促進火電與規(gui)模(mo)化可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)的協調發(fa)展。