2018年,是我國發展進程中極不平凡的一年。在全面貫徹黨的十九大精神的開局之年,面對復雜嚴峻的外部環境和經濟下行的內部壓力,按照高質量發展總要求、以深化供給側結構性改革為主線,打好三大攻堅戰,統籌推進穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險各項工作,國民經濟運行總體平穩、穩中有進。
在經濟總需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)擴張走弱、經濟下(xia)行(xing)壓(ya)力(li)加大的(de)情(qing)況下(xia),電(dian)力(li)消費增速回升,彈性系數(shu)超(chao)過(guo)1,創(chuang)(chuang)下(xia)近年來的(de)新高。國內市(shi)場發展(zhan)態勢良好,全社會(hui)用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)繼續回升,清潔低碳發展(zhan)成為主流(liu),能源革命、技術創(chuang)(chuang)新催生(sheng)更多新業態、新需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu),為發電(dian)企(qi)業提供了(le)機遇,經營局(ju)面呈穩中向好態勢。
在2019年全國兩會召開之際,本(ben)期(qi)《中國電(dian)(dian)力(li)報》權(quan)威披露2018年新五大(da)發電(dian)(dian)集(ji)團主要經濟技術指(zhi)標,并從規模及贏利能(neng)力(li)、可持(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)能(neng)力(li)、節能(neng)減排3個(ge)方(fang)面對其數據(ju)進行(xing)解讀。有(you)(you)所不同的(de)是(shi),在可持(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)能(neng)力(li)方(fang)面,更加(jia)關注關停落后煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)產能(neng)容量。所有(you)(you)披露數據(ju)來源于各企業資料、網(wang)站(zhan)、官微,以(yi)及新華網(wang)、中電(dian)(dian)聯網(wang)站(zhan)等權(quan)威網(wang)站(zhan),相關數據(ju)系首次發布(bu),個(ge)別數據(ju)可能(neng)與有(you)(you)關公(gong)司統(tong)計(ji)口徑有(you)(you)出(chu)入。
規模及贏利能力
2018年,隨著供給(gei)側結構性改革的深(shen)入推進,年度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費結構繼續優化(hua),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生(sheng)產延續綠(lv)色低碳發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢,高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)效初步(bu)顯現。用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)速回升(sheng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)峰(feng)谷差加大(da),全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需形勢從前幾年的總(zong)體寬松轉為(wei)總(zong)體平衡。即便煤炭價格仍高位運行、新能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價退坡加快,面(mian)對更加激烈的市場競爭,發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產經營局面(mian)依(yi)舊呈(cheng)穩中向(xiang)好態勢。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量繼續保持增(zeng)長,營業(ye)(ye)收入持續回升(sheng),降杠桿減負債、提質(zhi)增(zeng)效、瘦身健體、處置(zhi)特困企業(ye)(ye)成(cheng)效明顯。
●營業收入(億元)
2018年,由于用(yong)電增速(su)回升(sheng)、利用(yong)小時增加、“三棄”問題進一步(bu)緩解等因素影響(xiang),新五大(da)發電集(ji)團營業(ye)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)繼(ji)續(xu)呈增長(chang)態勢。國家能(neng)源集(ji)團優勢明顯,全年完成(cheng)營業(ye)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)5433億(yi)元,同比(bi)增長(chang)6.4%。華能(neng)集(ji)團實現營業(ye)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)2752億(yi)元,同比(bi)增長(chang)5.6%。
國家(jia)電投集團營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入2266.56億元,同比增長(chang)12.81%。華電集團營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入2152億元,同比增長(chang)8.5%。大唐(tang)集團實現營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入同比增長(chang)11.07%,為1899.3億元。
●資產負債率(%)
“去杠(gang)桿”是中(zhong)央針對我國當前經濟進(jin)入新(xin)常態以后做出的重大(da)戰略部署。2018年,新(xin)五大(da)發電集團降(jiang)杠(gang)桿減負(fu)(fu)債成效(xiao)明顯(xian),資產(chan)負(fu)(fu)債率首次全部降(jiang)低(di)至80%以下(xia)。
國(guo)家(jia)電投集團降(jiang)幅最大,同(tong)比下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)3.09個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率降(jiang)至78.61%。國(guo)家(jia)能源集團資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率最低(di),在剔除清產核資(zi)、上(shang)繳特別收益等因(yin)素影響(xiang)后為(wei)60.09%,較年(nian)(nian)初下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.31個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。華能集團制(zhi)訂并(bing)落實降(jiang)杠桿減負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)防風險三年(nian)(nian)行動(dong)方案,公司資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率同(tong)比下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)2個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)76.74%。大唐集團負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)末下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)3.01個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)76.95%,低(di)于國(guo)資(zi)委年(nian)(nian)度(du)控制(zhi)目標1.05個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。華電集團資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率77.83%,較年(nian)(nian)初下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)2.88個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),近(jin)10年(nian)(nian)來首次降(jiang)低(di)到80%以下(xia)(xia)。
●發電量(億千瓦時)
2018年,全(quan)國全(quan)口徑發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)69900億千瓦時(shi),同比增長8.4%;各類型發(fa)電(dian)設備(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小時(shi)均同比提(ti)高,全(quan)國發(fa)電(dian)設備(bei)平均利用(yong)(yong)小時(shi)為3862小時(shi),同比提(ti)高73小時(shi),尤其是并(bing)網風電(dian)2095小時(shi),為2013年以(yi)來新高。在(zai)各級政府和電(dian)力企業等多方共同努力下,可再生能源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)率顯(xian)著提(ti)升,“三棄”狀況得到緩解,為發(fa)電(dian)行業經營(ying)業績的“回暖”貢獻了(le)力量(liang)。
新五大發(fa)電(dian)集團(tuan)搶抓全社會用(yong)電(dian)量較快增長、清(qing)潔能源消納(na)改善(shan)等有(you)利形勢,超額完成全年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)量計劃。國家能源集團(tuan)發(fa)電(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)增長7.4%,以(yi)9533億千瓦(wa)時(shi)高居榜首。華能集團(tuan)次(ci)之,完成發(fa)電(dian)量(國內(nei))7026億千瓦(wa)時(shi),同(tong)比(bi)增長8.2%。
華電集團(tuan)發電量首次突破5500億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)5559億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),同比增長(chang)8.5%,列第(di)三位。大(da)唐集團(tuan)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發電量同比增長(chang)7.22%,達5541億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。國家電投集團(tuan)全年完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發電量4980億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。
可持續發展能力
當前,我國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)處于可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)替(ti)代化石能(neng)源(yuan)的戰略轉(zhuan)型(xing)期,也是政策調整和產業轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級的融(rong)合期,能(neng)源(yuan)產業呈現有進有退(tui)的發(fa)展(zhan)態勢(shi)。
2018年,全國新增(zeng)發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量1.2億(yi)千(qian)瓦、同比減少605萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦,其中,新增(zeng)非化石能源發電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)占(zhan)新增(zeng)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)的73%,全國新增(zeng)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)2903萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦、同比少投產601萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦,為2004年以來(lai)的最低水(shui)平。從“防范(fan)化解(jie)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)產能過(guo)剩風險”到“大力化解(jie)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)產能過(guo)剩”,發電(dian)(dian)行(xing)業化解(jie)過(guo)剩產能工作積極(ji)有序推進,供給側結構性改革初(chu)見(jian)成(cheng)效。
●裝機容量(萬千瓦)
截至(zhi)2018年底,國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源集(ji)(ji)團總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量23887萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),領(ling)跑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(火電(dian)(dian)(dian)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量18052萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),占全(quan)國(guo)15.8%;新(xin)能(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量3969萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa);水電(dian)(dian)(dian)已投產裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機1866萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa))。華(hua)能(neng)集(ji)(ji)團裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機規模達到17657萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),居世界前列。華(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)集(ji)(ji)團、國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)投集(ji)(ji)團以14779萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、14025萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)位列第三、第四。大唐集(ji)(ji)團總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量為13892萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。
●核準電源項目(萬千瓦)
2018年,華(hua)能(neng)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)全年核準低(di)碳(tan)清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項目316萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,投(tou)(tou)產527萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。大唐集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)核準電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)項目430.32萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占94.91%;投(tou)(tou)產514.92萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占52.03%。國家電(dian)投(tou)(tou)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)新增電(dian)力產能(neng)1452萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)新增裝機(ji)1203萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。(華(hua)電(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)數據略)
●關停落后煤電產能(萬千瓦)
煤(mei)電(dian)一直是我國(guo)(guo)的主體電(dian)源,國(guo)(guo)家在淘汰落后(hou)煤(mei)電(dian)產能的同時(shi),加強對已核準緩建煤(mei)電(dian)項目的宏觀調控,嚴(yan)格控制新(xin)增規模(mo)。2018年,大唐集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)主動關停落后(hou)煤(mei)電(dian)產能208萬千瓦。華(hua)電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)淘汰落后(hou)煤(mei)電(dian)186萬千瓦。國(guo)(guo)家能源集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)關停煤(mei)電(dian)機組(zu)349萬千瓦。(華(hua)能集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)投集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)數據略)
節能減排
我國經濟結(jie)構進(jin)一步優化調整,經濟新動能逐(zhu)步凸顯,生(sheng)態文明建設異彩紛呈,綠色發展紅(hong)利持續釋放。2018年,發電企業堅持“綠水青山(shan)就是(shi)金山(shan)銀山(shan)”理念,落實打贏(ying)藍天保衛戰行動計劃,向更清(qing)潔、更高效(xiao)轉型。
●供電煤耗(克/千瓦時)
在(zai)本次對比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)5家企(qi)業(ye)中,華能(neng)集(ji)團供電煤耗(hao)(hao)最(zui)低,完成298.72克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)1.39克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。大唐集(ji)團供電煤耗(hao)(hao)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)(jiang)3.44克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),降(jiang)(jiang)幅最(zui)為(wei)明(ming)顯(xian),完成301.84克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。華電集(ji)團供電煤耗(hao)(hao)完成300.33克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)降(jiang)(jiang)低0.47克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。
國家(jia)電(dian)投集(ji)團火電(dian)供(gong)電(dian)煤(mei)耗300.38克(ke)/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),下降2.27克(ke)/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。國家(jia)能源(yuan)集(ji)團常規煤(mei)電(dian)機組供(gong)電(dian)煤(mei)耗304.8克(ke)/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同比降低1.7克(ke)/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。
●超低排放機組容量(萬千瓦)
“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”規劃執行3年(nian)以(yi)來(lai),我國(guo)節能(neng)降耗成(cheng)(cheng)效顯著。截(jie)至(zhi)2018年(nian)三季(ji)度末,我國(guo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)累(lei)計完成(cheng)(cheng)超(chao)(chao)低(di)排(pai)放改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)7億千(qian)(qian)瓦以(yi)上(shang),占全(quan)部煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)75%以(yi)上(shang),提前(qian)超(chao)(chao)額完成(cheng)(cheng)5.8億千(qian)(qian)瓦總量改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)目標,加(jia)上(shang)新(xin)建的(de)超(chao)(chao)低(di)排(pai)放煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),我國(guo)超(chao)(chao)低(di)排(pai)放限值煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)已達7.5億千(qian)(qian)瓦以(yi)上(shang);節能(neng)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)累(lei)計已完成(cheng)(cheng)6.5億千(qian)(qian)瓦,其中“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”期(qi)間完成(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)3.5億千(qian)(qian)瓦,提前(qian)超(chao)(chao)額完成(cheng)(cheng)“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)(wu)”3.4億千(qian)(qian)瓦改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)目標,提前(qian)兩年(nian)完成(cheng)(cheng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)超(chao)(chao)低(di)排(pai)放和節能(neng)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)總量目標任務,已建成(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)大的(de)清潔煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)供(gong)應體系。
大(da)唐(tang)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)落實打贏(ying)藍天保衛(wei)戰行(xing)動計(ji)劃,截至2018年底,全集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)累(lei)計(ji)超(chao)(chao)低排放機組(zu)(zu)達(da)到(dao)226臺(tai)(tai)、9427.5萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),占(zhan)(zhan)在役(yi)燃(ran)煤(mei)機組(zu)(zu)容(rong)量的94.7%,容(rong)量占(zhan)(zhan)比居行(xing)業先進水(shui)平。華能集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)累(lei)計(ji)281臺(tai)(tai)、11200萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)煤(mei)機實現超(chao)(chao)低排放,比重(zhong)達(da)到(dao)94%,提前完成國(guo)家(jia)下達(da)的“十三五”改(gai)造任務。國(guo)家(jia)能源集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)超(chao)(chao)低排放機組(zu)(zu)達(da)到(dao)343臺(tai)(tai)、總(zong)裝機16000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),占(zhan)(zhan)煤(mei)電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)總(zong)量的91%。華電(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)中東部地區燃(ran)煤(mei)機組(zu)(zu)基本(ben)完成超(chao)(chao)低排放改(gai)造,超(chao)(chao)低排放機組(zu)(zu)占(zhan)(zhan)比達(da)到(dao)86.5%,為7713萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。(國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)投集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)數據略(lve))
●清潔能源裝機占比(%)
從清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)來(lai)看,國(guo)家電投集(ji)團(tuan)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)最高(gao),為48.9%。華電集(ji)團(tuan)次之,清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)39.66%,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長(chang)0.7個(ge)百分點。大唐集(ji)團(tuan)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)為35.57%列(lie)第三位。華能(neng)(neng)集(ji)團(tuan)低碳清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機比(bi)(bi)(bi)重同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)提高(gao)2.2個(ge)百分點,達(da)33.2%。國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)24.4%。